3 research outputs found
Ecotype-specific blockage of tasiARF production by two different RNA viruses in Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the most studied model organisms of plant
biology with hundreds of geographical variants called ecotypes. One might expect that
this enormous genetic variety could result in a differential response to pathogens.
Indeed, we observed previously that the Bur ecotype develops much more severe
symptoms (upward curling leaves and wavy leaf margins) upon infection with two
positive strand RNA viruses of different families (turnip vein-clearing virus, TVCV, and
turnip mosaic virus, TuMV). To find the genes potentially responsible for the ecotype-
specific response, we performed a differential expression analysis of the mRNA and
sRNA pools of TVCV and TuMV-infected Bur and Col plants along with the
corresponding mock controls. We focused on the genes and sRNAs that showed an
induced or reduced expression selectively in the Bur virus samples in both virus series.
We found that the two ecotypes respond to the viral infection differently, yet both
viruses selectively block the production of the TAS3 derived small RNA
specimen called tasiARF only in the virus-infected Bur plants. The tasiARF normally
forms a gradient through the adaxial and abaxial part of the leaf (being more abundant
in the adaxial part) and post-transcriptionally regulates ARF4, a major leaf polarity
determinant in plants. The lack of tasiARF-mediated silencing could lead to an
ectopically expressed ARF4 in the adaxial part of the leaf where the misregulation of
auxin-dependent signaling would result in an irregular growth of the leaf blade
manifesting as upward curling leaf and wavy leaf margin. QTL mapping using
Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) suggests that the observed symptoms are the result
of a multigenic interaction that allows the symptoms to develop only in the Bur ecotype.
The particular nature of genetic differences leading to the ecotype-specific symptoms
remains obscure and needs further study
AtCRK5 Protein Kinase Exhibits a Regulatory Role in Hypocotyl Hook Development during Skotomorphogenesis
Seedling establishment following germination requires the fine tuning of plant hormone levels including that of auxin. Directional movement of auxin has a central role in the associated processes, among others, in hypocotyl hook development. Regulated auxin transport is ensured by several transporters (PINs, AUX1, ABCB) and their tight cooperation. Here we describe the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CRK5 protein kinase during hypocotyl hook formation/opening influencing auxin transport and the auxin-ethylene-GA hormonal crosstalk. It was found that the Atcrk5-1 mutant exhibits an impaired hypocotyl hook establishment phenotype resulting only in limited bending in the dark. The Atcrk5-1 mutant proved to be deficient in the maintenance of local auxin accumulation at the concave side of the hypocotyl hook as demonstrated by decreased fluorescence of the auxin sensor DR5::GFP. Abundance of the polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 were also decreased in the Atcrk5-1 hypocotyl hook. The AtCRK5 protein kinase was reported to regulate PIN2 protein activity by phosphorylation during the root gravitropic response. Here it is shown that AtCRK5 can also phosphorylate in vitro the hydrophilic loops of PIN3. We propose that AtCRK5 may regulate hypocotyl hook formation in Arabidopsis thaliana through the phosphorylation of polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins, the fine tuning of auxin transport, and consequently the coordination of auxin-ethylene-GA levels