O sentido na rua, no meio do redemoinho : espessuras e sinfonia atravessada nos entremeios de coberturas telejornalisticas em torno do funeral de Mario Covas

Orientador: Monica Graciela Zoppi-FontanaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: Falar de mídia é deparar-se com espaços institucionalizados e de institucionalização. Pensar o telejornalismo enquanto mídia constitui, desse modo, um grande desafio para o analista de discurso. Primeiro porque essa relação a priori tão ¿óbvia¿ é, no entanto, geradora de entremeios. Questões como objetividade e subjetividade, memória e esquecimento, pausa e movimento, verbal e não-verbal, completude e incompletude, fato social e imaginário social, vida e morte, encontram-se num jogo discursivo de legitimação no interior historicizado das formulações. Analisar aspectos materiais de coberturas telejornalísticas em torno do funeral de Mario Covas (Jornal da Band e Jornal Nacional), empreende um jogo que dá espessura a um meio de comunicação que se impõe como o detentor do fato. No entremeio desse jogo discursivo, isto é, no momento em que esses pontos a priori opostos se encontram nas encruzilhadas do discurso, a Análise de Discurso Francesa se torna dispositivo de escuta dessa sinfonia atravessada por tantas formulações e o olhar que se lança pelas espessuras dos sentidos, mostrando na imaginária completude do discurso jornalístico, espaços de incompletude; sentindo nas superfícies da morte dos sentidos batimentos e a circulação ininterrupta da significação, pois o discurso é vivo e há memória discursiva em sua materialidade, lugar onde encaramos um desfilar de rostos e gestos, em que a pausa dos sentidos é sempre posta em movimento, em açãoAbstract: Talking about media is to go across institutionalized and institutionalizing spaces. Thinking about TV newscast (telecast news) as media brings, in this way, a great challenge to the discourse analyst. Firstly, because this relation that seems so obvious is, in fact, a producer of insertion. Questions such as objectivity and subjectivity, memory and forgetfulness, pause and movement, verbal and non-verbal signs, fulfillness and gapness, social fact and imaginary representations, life and death, are met together in a legitimating discursive play historicized inside formulation. Analyzing material aspects of telecast news on Mario Covas¿ funeral (Jornal da Band and Jornal Nacional), constitutes a play that gives denseness to a communication mass media conceived as the facts detainee. In the insertion of this discursive play, i.e., in the moment that these points thought as oppositions meet in the discourse crossway, Discourse Analysis of one of the French conceptions becomes an apparatus that makes us hear the symphony that is crossed by many formulations and the looks that are performed throughout the denseness of senses, showing in the imaginary fulfillness of telecast news, some spaces in the incompleteness; feeling in the surfaces of death the beatings and the non-stop circulation of meaning, since discourse is alive and there is discourse memory in its materiality, a place where we can behold a parade of faces and gesticulations, where the pause of meanings is always put in movement, in actionMestradoMestre em Linguístic

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field