Razumevanje zavisnih klauza u jeziku disfazične dece

This paper presents the results of the research of peculiarities of syntactic development, as an element of language structure on the grammatical level of children suffering from developmental dysphasia, after the completed speech pathology treatment of many years. Syntactic level at younger school age was studied by assessing language competence in the accomplishment of communicative sentence with subordinate clause. The research was performed on the samples of children at school age in regular primary schools in Belgrade. The sample comprised 160 respondents who were divided in two groups: target and comparative. The target group consisted of 60 respondents (children suffering from developmental dysphasia after the completed speech pathology treatment of many years), and the comparative group consisted of 100 respondents from regular primary school "Gavrilo Princip" in Zemun. Research results show that grammatical development of children suffering from developmental dysphasia takes place at a considerably slower rate and entails substantially more difficulties in accomplishing predication in subordinate clauses. This paper discusses the consequences which the difficulties in grammatical development can have on school achievement.U radu su izloženi rezultati istraživanja specifičnosti sintaksičkog razvoja, kao elementa jezičke strukture na gramatičkom nivou dece sa razvojnom disfazijom, posle završenog dugogodišnjeg logopedskog tretmana. Sintaksički nivo na mlađem školskom uzrastu ispitivali smo procenjujući jezičku kompetenciju u ostvarivanju komunikativne rečenice sa zavisnom klauzom. Istraživanje je obavljeno na uzorcima dece školskog uzrasta u redovnim osnovnim školama u Beogradu. Uzorak je činilo 160 ispitanika koji su podeljeni u dve grupe: ciljnu i komparativnu. Ciljna grupa je sastavljena od 60 ispitanika (deca sa razvojnom disfazijom posle završenog dugogodišnjeg logopedskog tretmana), a komparativna od 100 ispitanika redovne osnovne škole "Gavrilo Princip" u Zemunu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da gramatički razvoj kod dece sa razvojnom disfazijom teče znatno sporije i podrazumeva mnogo više teškoća u ostvarivanju predikacije u zavisnim klauzama. U radu su razmotrene posledice koje teškoće u gramatičkom razvoju mogu imati na školsko postignuće

Povezanost interesovanja i verbalna fluentnost kod učenika osnovne škole

The incentive for studying the linkage between interests and creativity is based on the results of biographical studies that indicate that highly creative individuals had wider and more intensive interests than their peers already in the period of childhood. In the process of defining interests, the child tests his/her capacities and discovers the domain in which he/she will later provide creative contributions. The subject of this paper is the linkage between interests of primary school pupils and their verbal fluency, as basic characteristic of creative thinking. It was determined that the wideness of the span of interests is positively correlated with verbal fluency, whereby the correlation between interests and verbal fluency is somewhat higher for boys (r= 0.33, p = .007) than for girls (r = 0.24, p = .030). Also, the intensity of scientific interest of boys and girls is significantly correlated with their verbal fluency (for boys: = 0.39; for girls: r=0.35). But, when school achievement is statistically controlled, the correlation between the intensity of scientific interests and verbal fluency remains significant for boys, while it disappears for girls. It was concluded that the results confirmed the theoretical assumptions about the importance of interest in creativity and pointed out to the need for paying attention to the effect of gender. Besides the span and intensity of interests, the domain in which interests are manifested and creativity is measured is also important for the linkage with creativity.Podsticaj za ispitivanje povezanosti interesovanja i kreativnosti zasnovan je na rezultatima biografskih studija koje ukazuju da su visoko kreativni pojedinci već u detinjstvu imali šira i dublja interesovanja od svojih vršnjaka. U procesu definisanja interesovanja dete isprobava svoje kapacitete i nalazi oblast u kojoj će kasnije dati kreativne doprinose. Predmet proučavanja je veza između interesovanja učenika osnovne škole i njihove verbalne fluentnosti, kao bazične karakteristike kreativnog mišljenja. Utvrđeno je da je širina interesovanja pozitivno povezana sa verbalnom fluentnošću, pri čemu je veza nešto izraženija kod dečaka (r= 0.33, p = .007) nego kod devojčica (r = 0.24, p = .030). Takođe intenzitet naučnih interesovanja dečaka i devojčica je značajno povezan sa njihovom verbalnom fluentnošću (za dečake: r= 0.39; za devojčice: r=0.35). Ali, kada se statistički kontroliše školski uspeh, veza između intenziteta naučnih interesovanja i verbalne fluentnosti ostaje značajna kod dečaka, dok se kod devojčica gubi. Zaključeno je da rezultati potkrepljuju teorijske pretpostavke o značaju interesovanja za kreativnost i ukazuju na potrebu za obraćanjem pažnje na efekat pola. Pored širine i intenziteta interesovanja, za vezu sa kreativnošću važna je i oblast u kojoj se interesovanja ispoljavaju i kreativnost meri

On written expression of primary school pupils

Normativna pravila standardnog srpskog jezika stiču se tokom osnovno- školskog i srednjoškolskog obrazovanja kroz programske zahteve nastave srpskog jezika, koja se odvija na tri područja: gramatika, pravopis i kultura izražavanja. Predmet interesovanja u ovom radu je kvalitet pismenog izražavanja učenika VI i VII razreda, u kontekstu sva tri područja čije je ovladavanje predviđeno nastavnim planom i programom iz srpskog jezika. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 148 učenika osnovne škole iz Beograda. Izvršena je jezička analiza spontano nastalog pisanog teksta, u uslovima gde nije eksplicitno traženo da učenik piše pravilno. Rezultati ukazuju da većina učenika pravi pravopisne i gramatičke greške, zadovoljavajući uslov za osnovni nivo ovladanosti znanjem iz srpskog jezika prema standardima predviđenim za kraj obaveznog obrazovanja. Takođe, značajna većina učenika ima zadovoljavajući nivo kulture pismenog izražavanja. Učenici češće prave pravopisne nego gramatičke greške. Učenici sedmog razreda su bolji od učenika šestog razreda u pogledu pridržavanja gramatičkih pravila i prema kulturi pismenog izražavanja, dok ocena iz srpskog jezika i opšti uspeh učenika koreliraju jedino sa stepenom pridržavanja pravopisnih pravila. Zaključeno je da su potrebni ne samo individualni programi podrške za učenike koji više greše, već i pokretanje nacionalnih projekata za razvoj jezičke kompetencije mladih u Srbiji.Normative rules of standard Serbian language are acquired during primary and secondary education through curriculum demands of Serbian language instruction, which takes place in three fields: grammar, orthography and culture of expression. Topic of interest in this paper is the quality of written expression of 6th and 7th grade pupils, in the context of all three fields specified to be mastered by the curriculum of Serbian language. Research comprised 148 primary school pupils from Belgrade. Linguistic analysis of spontaneously created written text was performed, in the conditions where it was not explicitly demanded form the pupil to write correctly. The results indicate that the majority of pupils make spelling and grammatical errors, meeting the condition for the basic level of mastering the knowledge in Serbian language according to the standards specified for the end of compulsory education. In addition to this, a considerable majority of pupils has a satisfactory level of culture of written expression. Pupils more often make spelling than grammatical errors. Seventh grade pupils are better than sixth grade pupils with respect to adhering to grammar rules and according to culture of written expression, while the mark in Serbian language and general school achievement of pupils correlate only with the degree of adhering to the orthographic rules. It was concluded that not only individual programs of support for pupils who make more errors are necessary, but also launching national projects for the development of linguistic competence of the young in Serbia

Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the negative acts questionnaire: Revised

The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), together with its earlier version, The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ), is one of the most utilized instruments for exploring workplace bullying, both in applied and scientific research. Contrary to its widespread use, there are a few published NAQ-R validation studies. In this paper we wanted to support developing grounds for future cultural analysis, comparison and development of the NAQ-R which was created as an instrument primarily for measuring workplace bullying in Anglo- American cultural settings. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) by exploring its factor structure, internal consistency and criterion validity. The sample comprised 1710 employees from both private and public sector in Serbia. Principal component analysis revealed one component that explained almost 60% of the total variance. The Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out in order to test the one, two and three factor solutions suggested by the authors of the NAQ. The results of CFA confirmed all three solutions, but only fairly, as some of the fit indicators did not reach the expected values. Reliability analysis showed excellent internal consistency of the NAQ-R (Cronbach's alpha=0.96). The significant correlations of the NAQ-R with job and organization related measures, and subjective health and well-being measures provided evidence of its construct validity. Higher correlations of the NAQ-R with a set of work related behaviors than the correlations with helath related measures were in accordance with the nature of the phenomenon that is primarily focused on work-disabling behaviors. The results of this study showed acceptable psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the NAQ-R. Obtained findings indicate that the future development of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised could follow two streams: one would be a further refinement of the uniform NAQ as a true cross-cultural measure that would generate comparable findings and the second one the development of separate national and/ or regional forms

O pismenom izražavanju učenika osnovne škole

Normative rules of standard Serbian language are acquired during primary and secondary education through curriculum demands of Serbian language instruction, which takes place in three fields: grammar, orthography and culture of expression. Topic of interest in this paper is the quality of written expression of 6th and 7th grade pupils, in the context of all three fields specified to be mastered by the curriculum of Serbian language. Research comprised 148 primary school pupils from Belgrade. Linguistic analysis of spontaneously created written text was performed, in the conditions where it was not explicitly demanded form the pupil to write correctly. The results indicate that the majority of pupils make spelling and grammatical errors, meeting the condition for the basic level of mastering the knowledge in Serbian language according to the standards specified for the end of compulsory education. In addition to this, a considerable majority of pupils has a satisfactory level of culture of written expression. Pupils more often make spelling than grammatical errors. Seventh grade pupils are better than sixth grade pupils with respect to adhering to grammar rules and according to culture of written expression, while the mark in Serbian language and general school achievement of pupils correlate only with the degree of adhering to the orthographic rules. It was concluded that not only individual programs of support for pupils who make more errors are necessary, but also launching national projects for the development of linguistic competence of the young in Serbia.Normativna pravila standardnog srpskog jezika stiču se tokom osnovno- školskog i srednjoškolskog obrazovanja kroz programske zahteve nastave srpskog jezika, koja se odvija na tri područja: gramatika, pravopis i kultura izražavanja. Predmet interesovanja u ovom radu je kvalitet pismenog izražavanja učenika VI i VII razreda, u kontekstu sva tri područja čije je ovladavanje predviđeno nastavnim planom i programom iz srpskog jezika. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 148 učenika osnovne škole iz Beograda. Izvršena je jezička analiza spontano nastalog pisanog teksta, u uslovima gde nije eksplicitno traženo da učenik piše pravilno. Rezultati ukazuju da većina učenika pravi pravopisne i gramatičke greške, zadovoljavajući uslov za osnovni nivo ovladanosti znanjem iz srpskog jezika prema standardima predviđenim za kraj obaveznog obrazovanja. Takođe, značajna većina učenika ima zadovoljavajući nivo kulture pismenog izražavanja. Učenici češće prave pravopisne nego gramatičke greške. Učenici sedmog razreda su bolji od učenika šestog razreda u pogledu pridržavanja gramatičkih pravila i prema kulturi pismenog izražavanja, dok ocena iz srpskog jezika i opšti uspeh učenika koreliraju jedino sa stepenom pridržavanja pravopisnih pravila. Zaključeno je da su potrebni ne samo individualni programi podrške za učenike koji više greše, već i pokretanje nacionalnih projekata za razvoj jezičke kompetencije mladih u Srbiji

The Predictors of Parental Use of Corporal Punishment in the Upbringing of Children of Preschool Age

Although Serbia has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and thus committed itself to a complete ban on the corporal punishment in all settings, including home, very little is known about what kind of parents punish their children, how frequently and what their attitudes on this topic are. The objectives of the study presented in this article were: to determine what beliefs prevail among parents of preschool children in terms of corporal punishment of children, what is the incidence of corporal punishment in the upbringing of children of preschool age, and whether differences between parents regarding the use of corporal punishment in the upbringing of children of preschool age could be explained by the socio-demographic, individually psychological factors and experiences of parents in coparenting. The study included 293 parents of both genders, whose children attended preschools in Belgrade, Novi Sad and municipality of Alibunar. The respondents filled out a questionnaire that included various issues related to socio-demographic and individually psychological factors, a questionnaire on Attitude towards corporal punishment, a questionnaire on Beliefs about corporal punishment, as well as the questionnaire on Experiences in coparenting. The results have shown that parents believe that physical punishment harms a child (71%), that the child can be punished sometimes, or in exceptional cases but only slightly (about 50%). When it comes to the prohibition of corporal punishment, 46% of parents believe that it should be introduced. On the issue of the incidence of corporal punishment, 41% of parents have never applied corporal punishment, while 59% of them have applied corporal punishment: 45% of them on an annual, 12% on a monthly, 1% on a weekly, and 1% on an everyday basis. Parents with three or more children, who have experienced corporal punishment during their own childhood and those who have a more positive attitude towards corporal punishment are more likely to apply corporal punishment in the upbringing of their children. Younger parents are also more likely to punish children, however when we take into account the socio-demographic factors only. Experiences in coparenting are correlated with, but in the context of other predictors do not provide unique contribution to the predicton of the use of corporal punishment. Further research are needed in order to obtain more precise and broader picture about this subject

Perpetrators of thefts, perpetrators of robberies and persons with no criminal record: The differences in amorality and socio-economic characteristics

Cilj rada jeste ispitivanje razlika u pogledu amoralnosti i socioekonomskih obeležja između osuđenika i osoba koje nisu osuđivane, kao i između dveju grupa osuđenika - počinilaca krađa i počinilaca razbojništava. Uzorak je činilo 100 osuđenika muškog pola (51 osuđen za krivično delo krađe, a 49 za razbojništvo) i 100 osoba muškog pola koje nisu osuđivane a ne razlikuju se od grupe osuđenika po uzrastu. Ispitanici su popunili Upitnik amoralnosti AMRL15 i Upitnik za ispitivanje socioekonomskih karakteristika. Rezultati deskriptivne diskriminacione analize ukazuju na to da osuđenici u odnosu na neosuđivane osobe imaju izraženije gotovo sve dimenzije amoralnosti, a posebno dve dimenzije u okviru amoralnosti indukovane impulsivnošću, kao i nepovoljnije materijalno stanje porodice. S druge strane, osobe osuđene za krađu karakterišu nešto viši skorovi na dve dimenzije u okviru amoralnosti podstaknute brutalnošću, dok osobe osuđene za razbojništva karakterišu povišen antropološki pesimizam i izraženiji problemi unutar primarne porodice u vidu mentalnih oboljenja roditelja. Opšti zaključak je da postoje razlike između tri grupe kako u pogledu amoralnosti, tako i u pogledu socioekonomskih karakteristika. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179018: 'Identifikacija, merenje i razvoj kognitivnih i emocionalnih kompetencija važnih društvu orijentisanom na evropske integracije'.The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between convicts and persons with no criminal record, as well as between two groups of convicts ‒ the perpetrators of thefts and the perpetrators of robberies in terms of amorality and socio-economic characteristics. The sample comprised 100 male convicts (51 convicted of theft and 49 of robbery) and 100 males with no criminal record, matching the group of convicts in age. The subjects completed the AMRL 15 questionnaire and a socioeconomic characteristics questionnaire. The results of the descriptive discriminant analysis have indicated that almost all dimensions of amorality are more pronounced in the group of convicts, compared to persons with no criminal record, especially two dimensions within Amorality induced by impulsivity. Convicts are also characterized by economically disadvantaged families. On the other hand, persons convicted of theft are characterized by somewhat higher scores on two dimensions within the Amorality induced by brutality, while persons convicted of robbery have higher anthropological pessimism and more distinct problems with the primary family in terms of mentally ill parents. A general conclusion is that the three groups differ both with regard to amorality and to socio-economic characteristics

Epidemiological research of violence against children in families in Serbia

U radu su predstavljeni rezultati epidemiološkog istraživanja sprovedenog 2010- 2011 godine u okviru regionalnog projekta Balkansko epidemiološko istraživanje o zlostavljanju i zanemarivanju dece (Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect - BECAN). Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi prevalenca fizičkog, psihološkog i seksualnog nasilja nad decom i osećaja zanemarenosti kod dece u porodici. Analizirane su polne i uzrasne razlike u prevalenci nasilja, kao i razlike s obzirom na geografski region i urbanicitet naselja u kojem deca žive. Stratifikovani klasterski uzorak činilo je 4027 dece koja pohađaju peti i sedmi razred osnovne škole, kao i dece koja pohađaju drugi razred srednje škole. Podaci su prikupljeni adaptiranom verzijom upitnika ISPCAN za skrining zlostavljanja dece (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool - Chidren Version - ICAST-C). O barem jednom iskustvu psihološkog nasilja tokom dosadašnjeg života izveštava 68,4% ispitane dece, a o barem jednom iskustvu fizičkog nasilja njih 69,2%. Osećaj zanemarenosti bio je prisutan barem jednom tokom dosadašnjeg života kod 28,8% ispitane dece, o bar jednom iskustvu seksualnog nasilja izveštava 8,5% dece, dok njih 3,7% izveštava o iskustvu kontaktnog seksualnog nasilja koja su imala tokom poslednjih godinu dana. Rezultati ukazuju na to da su devojčice više izložene psihološkom nasilju od dečaka. Takođe, devojčice češće nego dečaci izveštavaju o osećaju zanemarenosti. S druge strane, dečaci češće od devojčica izveštavaju o izloženosti seksualnom nasilju. Procenjena stopa težih oblika fizičkog, psihološkog i seksualnog nasilja kreće se od 0.5 do 1%.In the paper the results of an epidemiological study conducted in 2010-2011 as a part of the regional project Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (BECAN) are presented. The goal of the research was to estimate the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence against children in the family as well as prevalence of feeling of neglect in children. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of violence, as well as differences with respect to geographic region and urbanicity of place of the children's' residence were also examined. The stratified cluster sample consisted of 4027 children attending the fifth and seventh grades of the primary school and the second grade of the high school. Data was collected by an adapted version of the questionnaire ICAST-C (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Chidren Version - ICAST-C). At least one experience of psychological violence in the lifetime was reported by 68,4% of children, whereas at least one experience of physical violence was reported by 69,2% of children. Feeling of neglect was experienced by 28.8% of children at least once in their lifetime. At least one experience of sexual violence was reported by 8.5% children, whereas 3,7% of them reported the experience of contact sexual violence in the past year. The results indicate that girls are more exposed to psychological violence and report more feeling of neglect. Conversely, boys report more exposure to sexual violence. The rate of severe forms of physical, psychological and sexual violence is about 0.5 to 1%

Psychopathology and resilience in relation to abuse in childhood among youth first referred to the psychiatrist

Uvod/Cilj. Zlostavljanje u detinjstvu može biti uzrok različitih psiholoških problema kod odraslih osoba. Malo se, međutim, zna o specifičnim kliničkim i porodičnim profilima, kao i karakteristikama rezilijentnosti adolescenata koji su doživeli zlostavljanje u detinjstvu. Cilj našeg rada bio je ispitivanje simptoma, porodičnog funkcionisanja i rezilijentnosti adolescenata sa iskustvom zlostavljanja u detinjstvu upućenih na psihijatrijski pregled. Metode. Uzorak se sastojao od 84 konsekutivno regrutovana mlada ispitanika (prosečne starosti 14,90 ± 3,10, u rasponu od 11 do 18 godina) upućena na prvi pregled u Kliniku za decu i omladinu Instituta za mentalno zdravlje u Beogradu, koji su na osnovu Matrice rizika za zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje dece bili podeljeni u dve grupe. Prvu grupu činili su adolescenti sa iskustvom zlostavljanja u detinjstvu (n = 38, 13 dečaka, 25 devojčica), a drugu, kontrolnu grupu, adolescenti bez iskustva zlostavljanja u detinjstvu (n = 47, 20 dečaka, 27 devojčica). U istraživanju su korišćeni sledeći upitnici: Upitnik za samoprocenu adolescenata (Youth Self-Report - YSR), Skala adolescentnih rezilijentnih stavova (Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale - ARAS) i Upitnik za porodicu, (Self-Report Family Inventory - SFI). Rezultati. Značajne razlike pronađene su kod adolescentkinja. Na upitniku YSR, zlostavljane adolescentkinje imale su značajno više skorove delinkventnog ponašanja i marginalno veće skorove anksioznosti/depresivnosti i socijalnih problema. Analize upitnika SFI pokazale su značajno lošije funkcionisanje kod zlostavljanih adolescentkinja u svim podskalama osim na podskali direktivnog vođstva. Na upitniku ARAS, zlostavljane adolescentkinje imale su značajno niže skorove na podskali uvida i marginalno niže skorove na podskali za inicijativu. Zaključak. Navedeni rezultati mogli bi imati praktičnu primenu pri planiranju specifičnih preventivnih strategija i tretmana koji se posebno fokusiraju na delinkventne tendencije kao i na jačanje rezilijentnosti obezbeđivanjem pozitivnog okruženja u okviru porodice, škole i zajednice.Background/Aim. Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse, first referred to psychiatrists. Methods. The study included 84 young participants (mean age 14.90 ± 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25 females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). Results. Significant differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and marginally higher scores on Anxious/ Depressed and Social Problems scales. Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS. Conclusions. These findings may have practical application in the creation of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing positive environments within families, schools and communities