Cultural Landscape Reproduction of Typical Religious Architecture in Qingjiangpu Based on Scene Theory

Scenes are important carriers of cultural expression. Cultural landscapes reveal specific cultural connotations through various scenes, and people understand and give things cultural connotations through scenes. In recent years, new techniques for visualizing cultural landscape heritage have been made possible by the advent of mapping and geographic information technology. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal’s culture is a “living” cultural legacy. As one of the key links in the canal’s cultural chain, Qingjiangpu is crucial to reproducing its cultural landscape. This paper first discusses the relationship between scene theory and the cultural landscape. Starting from the five elements of scene theory, through the collection of online text data and the corresponding data obtained from questionnaire research, the paper analyzed the scene constructed by the cultural landscape and the urban spirituality embodied by the scene. Through the deep excavation of cultural landscape and its historical context, the theoretical framework of “node-neighbor-city” cultural landscape reproduction is proposed. Taking the ancient city of Qingjiangpu as an example, the cultural landscape has been reproduced at different scales and in different dimensions through various technical means. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the research of cultural landscape reproduction

Hourly Sea Level Prediction‐Based GNSS‐IR Inversions by Combining the Least Squares Learning Cross‐Checking Method With the Gaussian Kernel Model L2 Constraint and LSTM

Abstract Multisatellite systems and multi‐signal‐to‐noise ratio types provide a more prosperous data basis for the inversion of sea level by GNSS‐IR technology. However, there are few studies on data reconstruction of the retrieved sea level height. This study takes the SPBY station as an example and introduces the least squares learning cross‐checking method with the Gaussian kernel model (GKM) L2 constraint. Furthermore, research on hourly sea level reconstruction based on GNSS‐IR is carried out. Compared with the measured sea level, the sea level height in 2021 obtained after the fusion of multisource data has an R of 0.905 and an RMSE of 0.144 m. And the result obtained after data reconstruction has an R of 0.958 and an RMSE of 0.090 m. Compared with the multisource data fusion results before reconstruction, R is increased by 5.9%, and RMSE is decreased by 37.5%. Finally, using the reconstructed sea level data based on Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to carry out the research on sea level prediction, which verifies the conclusion that more reliable forecast values can be obtained based on 5 months of training data. Among them, the R from 1 to 24 hr is 0.905, and the RMSE is 0.145 m. Compared with the inversion accuracy of GNSS‐IR, the R is increased by 2.0%, and the RMSE is decreased by 21.4%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of GNSS‐IR technology and L2‐constrained least squares learning cross‐checking method based on the GKM to reconstruct sea level data with high temporal resolution and high accuracy. The reliability of the sea level prediction based on GKM reconstruction and LSTM is verified in the sea level forecast of the next 24 epochs, which has essential applications in sea level data recovery and forecasting

An Improved Method for Quantification of Viable Fusarium Cells in Infected Soil Products by Propidium Monoazide Coupled with Real-Time PCR

Fusarium is a soil-borne pathogen that causes root rot disease in cucumber. To date, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a common tool to detect the content of Fusarium in soil. However, qPCR cannot distinguish between viable and nonviable cells. The aim of this study was to develop a detection technique to pretreat tissue fluid with propidium monoazide (PMA) followed by extract DNA, and then to quantify viable Fusarium cells in contaminated soil. In this work, the specific primer pair F8-1/F8-2 was designed based on the translation elongation factor (EF) gene and a PMA-qPCR assay was established to amplify and quantify soils of viable Fusarium cells. The PMA pretreatment test was optimized, which indicated that the optimal PMA concentration and light exposure time were 50 mmol L−1 and 15 min, respectively. The lowest limit of viable cells in suspension detected and soil by PMA-qPCR were 82 spore mL−1 and 91.24 spore g−1, respectively. For naturally contaminated soil, viable Fusarium cells were detected in eight of the 18 samples, and the Fusarium amount ranged from 104 to 106 spore g−1. In conclusion, the PMA-qPCR method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, efficiency, and time saving, which could support nursery plants to avoid Fusarium infection and agro-industry losses

Temperature and Humidity Regulate Sporulation of Corynespora cassiicola That Is Associated with Pathogenicity in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Cucumber target leaf spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, is an emerging disease with a high incidence that causes severe damage to cucumbers on a global scale. Therefore, efforts need to be undertaken to limit the spread and infection of this pathogen, preferably by using environmentally friendly methods. In this study, the effects of temperature and moisture on the sporulation of C. cassiicola were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The novelty of our study refers to the observation of spore production and size as well as the revelation of a correlation between spore size and virulence. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cucumber−leaf extract agar (CEA), temperature played a critical role in spore production, which was strongly influenced by both temperature and moisture on detached leaves and cucumber seedlings. Maximum spore production was found at 30 °C on PDA and 25 °C on CEA, cucumber detached leaves and living plants. Lower spore productions were observed with a stepwise change of 5 °C. In addition, the largest spore production was found at 100% relative humidity (RH) in comparison to the other tested moisture. Moreover, moisture was found to be the most important factor affecting spore size, accounting for 83.09–84.86% of the total variance in length and 44.72–73.10% of the total variance in width. The longest−narrowest spores were formed at 100% RH, and the shortest−widest spores were formed at 75% RH. Furthermore, the result showed that larger spores of C. cassiicola were more virulent and small spores were avirulent. Our findings will contribute to the development of new strategies for the effective alleviation and control of cucumber target leaf spot

An End-to-End Visual-Audio Attention Network for Emotion Recognition in User-Generated Videos

Emotion recognition in user-generated videos plays an important role in human-centered computing. Existing methods mainly employ traditional two-stage shallow pipeline, i.e. extracting visual and/or audio features and training classifiers. In this paper, we propose to recognize video emotions in an end-to-end manner based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Specifically, we develop a deep Visual-Audio Attention Network (VAANet), a novel architecture that integrates spatial, channel-wise, and temporal attentions into a visual 3D CNN and temporal attentions into an audio 2D CNN. Further, we design a special classification loss, i.e. polarity-consistent cross-entropy loss, based on the polarity-emotion hierarchy constraint to guide the attention generation. Extensive experiments conducted on the challenging VideoEmotion-8 and Ekman-6 datasets demonstrate that the proposed VAANet outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for video emotion recognition. Our source code is released at: https://github.com/maysonma/VAANet

Deciphering Differences in Microbial Community Diversity between Clubroot-Diseased and Healthy Soils

Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is an important soilborne disease that causes severe damage to cruciferous crops in China. This study aims to compare the differences in chemical properties and microbiomes between healthy and clubroot-diseased soils. To reveal the difference, we measured soil chemical properties and microbial communities by sequencing 18S and 16S rRNA amplicons. The available potassium in the diseased soils was higher than in the healthy soils. The fungal diversity in the healthy soils was significantly higher than in the diseased soils. Ascomycota and Proteobacteria were the most dominant fungal phylum and bacteria phylum in all soil samples, respectively. Plant-beneficial microorganisms, such as Chaetomium and Sphingomonas, were more abundant in the healthy soils than in the diseased soils. Co-occurrence network analysis found that the healthy soil networks were more complex and stable than the diseased soils. The link number, network density, and clustering coefficient of the healthy soil networks were higher than those of the diseased soil networks. Our results indicate that the microbial community diversity and network structure of the clubroot-diseased soils were different from those of the healthy soils. This study is of great significance in exploring the biological control strategies of clubroot disease

Cytotoxic Bagremycins from Mangrove-Derived <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Q22

New bagremycins C–E (<b>3</b>–<b>5</b>) and bagrelactone A (<b>6</b>), together with known bagremycins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), 4-hydroxystyrene (<b>7</b>), and 4-hydroxystyrene 4-<i>O</i>-α-d-galactopyranoside (<b>8</b>), were isolated from a mangrove-derived actinomycete, <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Q22. Structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on their NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data as well as chemical degradation. Bagremycin C (<b>3</b>) is a unique analogue with an <i>N</i>-acetyl-(<i>S</i>)-cysteine moiety, while bagrelactone A (<b>6</b>) represents the first example of this type of bagremycin-derived macrolide. Bagremycin C (<b>3</b>) was active against four glioma cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the range from 2.2 to 6.4 μM, induced apoptosis in human glioma U87MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and arrested the U87MG cell cycle at the G₀/G₁ phase