Fabrication and characterization of copper oxide thin film by thermal CVD for ethanol sensor application

A gas sensor is a device used to warn us of dangerous gases Gas sensors based on metal oxides semiconductors are important devices in modern technologies. Gas sensors play critical roles in many fields such as industrial production, environmental pollution, and traffic safety. Cupric oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared on a glass and FTO substrates by thermal CVD method. The substrate, deposition temperature, oxygen flow rate, and substrate were varying during deposition. The morphological, optical and electrical properties of CuO films were characterized by FE-SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultra-violet visible spectrophotometer, respectively, two point probe techniques and Keithley system. The FE-SEM result showed that spherical and uniform shaped were obtained on a glass substrate while the porous structure was obtained on FTO. AFM showed well organized morphology with the highest root mean square surface roughness for CuO thin films on glass and FTO substrates were 23 and 27nm, respectively. The optical direct band gap energy of the CuO film grown on glass and FTO substrate were in the range 1.8-l.86eV. The current-voltage characteristic has been formed with the threshold voltage (V th) of 2V and breakdown voltage (Vs) of -SV. The highest value of resistance was obtained which is 6.99xl06 0 when the CuO sensing element is contacted with to ethanol liquid. This work has successfully demonstrated the formation of optimized copper oxide thin films and for ethanol sensing application

Deformations and extensions of modified λ\lambda-differential 33-Lie Algebras

In this paper, we introduce the representation of modified $\lambda$-differential $3$-Lie algebras and define the cohomology of modified $\lambda$-differential $3$-Lie algebras with coefficients in a representation. As applications of the proposed cohomology theory, we study linear deformations, abelian extensions and $T^*$-extensions of modified $\lambda$-differential $3$-Lie algebras

Efficient Alternating Minimization Solvers for Wyner Multi-View Unsupervised Learning

In this work, we adopt Wyner common information framework for unsupervised multi-view representation learning. Within this framework, we propose two novel formulations that enable the development of computational efficient solvers based on the alternating minimization principle. The first formulation, referred to as the {\em variational form}, enjoys a linearly growing complexity with the number of views and is based on a variational-inference tight surrogate bound coupled with a Lagrangian optimization objective function. The second formulation, i.e., the {\em representational form}, is shown to include known results as special cases. Here, we develop a tailored version from the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for solving the resulting non-convex optimization problem. In the two cases, the convergence of the proposed solvers is established in certain relevant regimes. Furthermore, our empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods as compared with the state-of-the-art solvers. In a nutshell, the proposed solvers offer computational efficiency, theoretical convergence guarantees (local minima), scalable complexity with the number of views, and exceptional accuracy as compared with the state-of-the-art techniques. Our focus here is devoted to the discrete case and our results for continuous distributions are reported elsewhere

Kepimpinan Distributif Dan Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional (Kpp) Di Sekolah Rendah

Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 dirancang untuk meningkatkan kualiti sistem pendidikan supaya dapat mengikut taraf pendidikan antarabangsa yang semakin meningkat. Pentadbir menjadi peranan yang amat penting dalam usaha membantu merealisasikan hasrat PPPM ini. Kertas konsep ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kepimpinan distributi guru besar dan amalan Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional (KPP) guru di sekolah. Kepimpinan distributif mementingkan perkongsian tanggungjawab antara pentadbir dengan guru-guru dalam usaha perkembangan sekolah. Pentadbir sekolah perlu memahami peranan sebagai pemimpin distributif supaya meningkatkan tahap amalan KPP dalam kalangan guru

Looking again at Taiwan's Lü Hsiu-lien: A female vice president or a feminist vice president?

In 2000, Lü Hsiu-lien was elected Taiwan's first female vice president, adding to the striking successes of Asian women in electoral politics. Lü differs from the majority of Asia's "ruling women" in two key respects: she was elected without reliance on "dynastic descent" and she has a long track record as a feminist activist. Her position as both a pioneering feminist and a female vice president prompts us to ask whether she was able to promote a pro-woman agenda during her tenure as vice president. We conclude that despite constraints on Lü's pursuit of an overt feminist agenda-including the patriarchal political culture and a gap between Lü and Taiwan's contemporary feminist movement-she is significant as a female leader who transcends both the Asian dynastic model and the tokenistic model of women as "flower vases," while also contributing vitally to the development of an indigenous Taiwanese feminist theory