The role of the dental surgeon in the early diagnosis of oral cancer: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Oral cancers (OC) represent more than 90% of cases. It is estimated that more than 400,000 new cases of oral cancer are diagnosed each year worldwide. OC is preventable as most of the different identified risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, are behaviors that increase the likelihood of the disease. Surgical biopsy remains the gold standard, but adjunctive tools have been developed to aid diagnoses, such as vital toluidine blue staining and autofluorescence imaging. Objective: To emphasize and present the importance of the dental surgeon in the early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer. Methods: The survey was conducted from July 2021 to August 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the rules of Systematic Review-PRISMA. Study quality was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: Early detection and treatment of OC were found to be important predictors for improving survival and reducing mortality. A thorough clinical inspection of the oral cavity can detect up to 99% of oral cancers. Other diagnostic types have been developed to help overcome the limits of standard oral clinical examination, highlighting toluidine blue staining, light-based detection techniques, and salivary biomarkers. Self-examination is an effective strategy to reduce the levels of mortality and morbidity caused by this pathology. A gain of 8.09% more in sensitivity and 11.36% more in specificity was observed with the fluorescence test. Conclusion: The findings clearly showed that early diagnosis of oral cancer is essential to increase the chances of cure and survival of patients, avoiding invasive surgical intervention. Currently, there are several diagnostic tools for screening and visual devices for the early detection of oral lesions through auxiliary methods, logically maintaining biopsy as the gold standard

Oropharyngeal cancer: a clinical case report

Introduction: The National Cancer Institute (INCA) estimates that for each year of the triennium 2020/2022, 15,190 new cases of cancer in the mouth and oropharynx are diagnosed in Brazil. In the global context, oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is in the sixth position of cancer incidence. The most frequent form, about 90%, is squamous cell carcinomas. Objective: It was to present a clinical case report of oropharyngeal cancer in an octogenarian patient, to present the main diagnostic and treatment procedures in advanced age. Methods: The present study was elaborated according to the rules of the CARE case report. Scientific search engines: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), published in Portuguese in the last 10 years. Case report and Conclusion: Based on the objective of this study and the literary findings, it showed that knowledge about OPC is essential for dental professionals, which plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of oral cancers, requiring incisional biopsy. From the case described, it became evident the need for a partnership with a licensed psychologist, for the psychological preparation of the patient who will receive the news of the positive result for oropharyngeal cancer and the follow-up of the same throughout the treatment

The importance of prenatal dental care: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Prenatal dental care is extremely important, as it requires a series of specific care for pregnant patients. There is a need for specific care with the health of the mouth and informing the patient of essential care for her and her baby's health. Also, the microorganisms that cause these diseases can migrate to the uterus and cause premature births. Several studies show that dental care was considered safe for the mother and fetus throughout the entire period of pregnancy. Objective: To carry out a brief systematic review of the literature to elucidate the main considerations for success during the treatment of oral health in pregnant women. Methods: The research was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 244 articles were found. A total of 76 articles were evaluated in full and 19 were included and evaluated in the present study. A total of 3 Studies with a High Risk of Bias and 1 Study with Uncertain Risk. Studies have suggested a protective effect of prenatal oral health care against the onset of caries in infancy and up to before 4 years of age. The transport of S. mutans in children was also significantly reduced in the intervention group. Children exposed to the use of maternal substances had a higher incidence of hospitalization for dental caries than unexposed children. Thus, inadequate prenatal education in oral health can negatively impact the quality of oral hygiene in children. It is imperative to develop strategies to improve oral health and develop a health system strengthening by interprofessional collaboration in the prenatal phase of pregnant women. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was observed between 25(OH)D levels and the number of decayed primary teeth. Conclusion: Taking care of oral health is part of the daily rhythm of personal hygiene. The monitoring of a dental surgeon during pregnancy is considered to prevent and treat the pregnant woman's oral diseases and clarify the doubts of future mothers since the baby's oral health begins to establish itself during the gestational period

Odontomas and imaging diagnosis: the concise systematic review

Introduction: Odontomas are tumors of odontogenic origin. They represent on average 70% of all odontogenic tumors found. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent the loss of tissue element, tooth impaction, bone malformations, and displacement of bone structures, differentiating their types through panoramic radiographic images. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review of the characteristics of odontomas, differentiating their types through panoramic radiographic images. Methods: The research was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 84 articles were found. A total of 36 articles were evaluated in full and 17 were included and evaluated in the present study. A total of 3 Studies with a High Risk of Bias and 1 Study with Uncertain Risk. Radiographic examination is extremely important for the study and diagnosis of odontomas. Odontomas present a characteristic radiographic appearance. In complex odontomas, radiopacity is not specifically determined, showing itself as an irregular and disorganized mass surrounded by a narrow radiolucent zone. In the composite type, the radiographic image is pathognomonic. In the radiopaque image, dozens of denticles simulate small teeth surrounded by a thin radiolucent area. Composite odontoma, on the other hand, consists of the same calcified structures arranged in an orderly and related manner, similar to normal teeth contained in a fibrous capsule. The differential diagnosis of complex odontoma includes osteomas and condensing osteitis. Conclusion: Radiographic and/or tomographic examination is the best way to obtain an accurate diagnosis, precisely delimiting the lesion and nearby and involved structures

Clinical approaches and removal of cast metallic posts for their replacement by the fiberglass posts: a concise systematic review

Introduction: A successful placement of an intraradicular post needs a good endodontic treatment. Consideration should also be given to the possibility of its future removal. Authors have shown that approximately 10% of cases of teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment require removal of intraradicular posts. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review to analyze the reasons for replacing intraradicular posts, the most effective and used techniques for removing the metallic post, the manufacture of the fiberglass post, and the difference between the two types of posts. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results and Conclusion: A total of 112 articles were found. A total of 56 articles were fully evaluated and 18 were included in this study. Based on the objective and results found in the present study, the review demonstrated the main advantages and disadvantages of the clinical performance of cast metal posts and fiberglass posts, as well as the reason for switching from metal to fiberglass posts. Despite the wear caused by endodontic treatment, it is important to check the remaining dentin to choose the best retainer, observing the amount of this remaining structure, as it directly influences the selection of the post. Regarding the removal of the metallic pin, wear, ultrasound, and seizure/removal with some traction device are used. The replacement of the metallic post can opt for fiberglass posts because they have a greater advantage compared to the metallic post, mainly for aesthetics, the manufacturing technique is more agile, they do not generate risks of root fracture and if, for any eventuality, it needs to be removed. to portray the channel, the technique is smooth and easy