Characteristics and injury patterns of road traffic injuries in urban and rural Uganda: a retrospective medical record review study in two hospitals

In the ongoing Second Decade of Action for Road Safety, road traffic crashes pose a considerable threat especially in low-income countries. Uganda shows a vast burden of non-fatal injuries and resides at the top range of countries with the highest death rates due to unsafe roads. However, little is known about the differences in road traffic associated injuries between urban and rural areas and potential influence factors. Here, we used a cross-sectional study conducted by a retrospective medical record review from trauma cases admitted in 2016 to hospitals in rural and urban areas in Uganda. Injury severity scores were calculated and descriptive analysis was carried out while multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess significant covariates. According to the 1683 medical records reviewed, the mean age of trauma patients in the dataset under investigation was 30.8 years with 74% male. The trauma in-hospital mortality was 4% while prevalence of traumatic injuries is 56.4%. Motorcycle users (49.6%) and pedestrians (33.7%) were identified as the most vulnerable groups in both urban and rural setting while mild injuries of extremities (61.6%) and the head/neck-region (42.0%) were registered most. The frequency of road traffic injuries was homogenous in the urban and rural hospitals investigated in this study; interventions should therefore be intensified ubiquitously. The identification of significant differences in road traffic crash and injury characteristics provides the opportunity for specific programmes to decrease the socio-economic and health burden of unsafe roads. In addition to law enforcement and introduction of a Systems Thinking approach to road safety including infrastructural and educational concepts, the strengthening of trauma care and health resources is recommended

Longitudinal change in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in 3-to 16-year-old children: the Augsburg Plus study

BACKGROUND: Currently, more than 30,200,000 COVID-19 cases have been diagnosed in Germany alone. However, data regarding prevalence of COVID-19 in children, both in Germany and internationally, are sparse. We sought to evaluate the number of infected children by measuring IgG antibodies. METHODS: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected between December 2020 and August 2021 to measure SARS-CoV-2, and capillary blood for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (by rapid test NADAL® and filter paper test Euroimmun® ELISA); venous blood was taken for validation (Roche® ECLIA and recomLine Blot) in 365 German children aged 3–16 years from 30 schools and preschools. We used multiple serological tests because the filter paper test Euroimmun® ELISA performs better in terms of sensitivity and specificity than the rapid test NADAL®. The Roche® ECLIA test is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and the recomLine Blot test is used to rule out the possibility of infection by seasonal SARS-viruses and to test for specific SARS-CoV-2 proteins (NP, RBD and S1). In addition, one parent each (n = 336), and 4–5 teachers/caregivers (n = 90) per institution were tested for IgG antibodies from capillary blood samples. The total study duration was 4 months per child, including the first follow-up after 2 months and the second after 4 months. RESULTS: Of 364 children tested at baseline, 3.6% (n = 13) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using Euroimmun® ELISA. Seven children reported previously testing positive for SARS-CoV-2; each of these was confirmed by the Roche® Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ECLIA (antibody to spike protein 1) test. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies persisted over a 4-month period, but levels decreased significantly (p = 0.004) within this timeframe. The median IgG values were 192.0 BAU/ml [127.2; 288.2], 123.6 BAU/ml [76.6; 187.7] and 89.9 BAU/ml [57.4; 144.2] at baseline, 2 months and 4 months after baseline, respectively. During the study period, no child tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by oropharyngeal swab. A total of 4.3% of all parents and 3.7% of teachers/caregivers tested positive for IgG antibodies by Euroimmun® ELISA at baseline. CONCLUSION: We noted a rather low seroprevalence in children despite an under-reporting of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Measurement of IgG antibodies derived from capillary blood appears to be a valid tool to detect asymptomatic infections in children. However, no asymptomatic active infection was detected during the study period of 4 months in the whole cohort. Further data on SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are needed, especially in the group of <5-year-olds, as there is currently no licensed vaccine for this age group in Germany. The Robert Koch Institute’s Standing Commission on Vaccination (STIKO) recommended COVID-19 vaccination for 12–17 and 5–11 year olds in August 2021 and May 2022 respectively

Managing hospital visitor admission during Covid-19: A discrete-event simulation by the data of a German University Hospital

The Corona pandemic and the associated need for visitor restrictions have defined an entirely new management task in hospitals: The hospital visitor management. The admission process of hospital visitors and the implementation of associated infection-prevention strategies such as the delivery of face masks thereby pose major challenges. In this work, we evaluate both implemented and planned admission processes in a German University Hospital based on a discrete-event simulation model and provide distinct recommendations for hospital visitor management with special consideration of digitalization, antigen testing, waiting times, space and staff utilization. We find the extraordinary potential of digitalization with a reduction of visitor waiting and service times of up to 90 percent, the significant burden for personnel and room capacity, in terms of antigen testing, especially, and the need for visitor restrictions in terms of a maximum number of visitors per inpatient

Evaluation of the ESGE recommendations for COVID-19 pre-endoscopy risk-stratification in a high-volume center in Germany

Background and study aims The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has defined COVID-19 infection prevention and control strategies within the endoscopy unit. These include pre-endoscopic questionnaire-based risk-stratification as well as pre-procedure viral testing. Real-life data on the effectiveness of these measures are presented here. Patients and methods Data from the outpatient endoscopic unit of the University Hospital Augsburg between July 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 including the second pandemic wave were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were assessed with a pre-endoscopic risk-stratification questionnaire as well as viral testing using an antigen point-of-care test (Ag-POCT) in conjunction with a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Highly elective procedures were postponed. The theoretically expected number of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was simulated and compared with the actual number. In addition, endoscopy staff was evaluated with a rapid antibody test to determine the number of infections among the personnel. Results In total, 1029 procedures, 591 questionnaires, 591 Ag-POCTs, and 529 standard PCR tests were performed in 591 patients. 247 procedures in 142 patients were postponed. One Ag-POCT was positive but with a negative PCR test, while one PCR test was positive but with a negative Ag-POCT. This was lower than the theoretically expected number of COVID-19-positive patients (n = 15). One of 43 employees (2.3 %) in the outpatient endoscopy unit was seropositive. Conclusions Pre-endoscopic risk management including questionnaire-based risk stratification and viral testing seems to be an effective tool in combination with personal protective equipment for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control within the endoscopy unit even in a high-prevalence setting

Adaptation of Ornamental Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) Under Yozgat Ecological Conditions

Bu araştırma, bazı hibrit süs lahanası (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) çeşitlerinin Yozgat İli ekolojikkoşullarına adaptasyon kabiliyetini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel materyal olarak dört farklı hibritsüs lahanası çeşidi (F1 Pigeon White, F1 Pigeon Red, F1 Kamome White ve F1 Kamome Red) kullanılmış, çeşitlereait fideler iki vejetasyon dönemi boyunca deneme arazisindeki masuralara dikilmişlerdir. Denemede yapraksayısı, bitki çapı, bitki boyu, merkez renklilik çapı, merkez yaprak rengi, nispi antosiyanin miktarı ve klorofiliçeriği parametreleri incelenmiş; yaprak sayısı, merkez renklilik çapı, merkez yaprak rengi ve klorofil içeriğibakımından çeşit ortalamaları arasındaki farklılığın istatistiki açıdan önem taşıdığı belirlenmiştir. Yaprak sayısı ilemerkez renklilik çapı bakımından en yüksek değerler; F1 Kamome White (20.53 adet / 18.47 cm) ve F1 PigeonWhite (20.37 adet / 18.17 cm) çeşitlerinden elde edilmiş olup, F1 Kamome White çeşidi, en az yaprak sayısı ileen az merkez renklilik çapına sahip olan F1 Pigeon Red çeşidinden yalnız 1.30 adet daha fazla yaprak ve 1.80 cmdaha fazla renkli çap oluşturmuştur. En fazla klorofil içeriği ise, merkez yaprak rengini ifade eden ‘a’ değerinin(yeşillik-kırmızılık oranı) en yüksek olduğu F1 Kamome Red (65.96 ?mol m-2) çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Bununlabirlikte, kıvırcık yapraklı çeşitlerin (F1 Kamome serisi) düz yapraklı çeşitlere (F1 Pigeon serisi) oranla karyükünden daha fazla etkilendikleri ve görsel kalitelerini kaybettikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilenbulgulara göre, tüm çeşitlerin Yozgat İli ekolojisinde yetiştirilebileceği, ancak bitkisel tasarım çalışmalarında karyükü fazla olan bölgelerde düz yapraklı çeşitlerin öncelikli olarak tercih edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.The research was conducted to determine the adaptation ability of some hybrid ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) varieties under the ecological conditions of Yozgat Province. Four varieties of hybrid ornamental kale (F1 Pigeon White, F1 Pigeon Red, F1 Kamome White and F1 Kamome Red) were used as a plant material. At the end of the experiment, leaf number, plant diameter, plant height, diameter of center color, center leaf color, amount of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content parameters were examined and it was determined that the difference between varieties was statistically significant in terms of leaf number, center color diameter, center leaf color and chlorophyll content parameters. The highest leaf number and diameter of center color was obtained from F1 Kamome White and F1 Pigeon White. F1 Kamome White has only 1.30 more leaves and 1.80 cm more color diameter than F1 Pigeon Red variety. The highest chlorophyll content was found in F1 Kamome Red (65.96 ?mol m-2 ), where a value (greenness-red ratio), which expresses the central leaf color, is highest. However, it has been determined that finged leaf varieties (F1 Kamome series) are more affected by snow load than the round leaf varieties (F1 Pigeon series). Finged leaf varieties lost their visual quality because of snow load. As a result of, it was concluded that all the cultivars used in the experiment canbe grown in the ecology of Yozgat Province, but round leaf varieties should be preferred primarily in regions with high snow loads in plant design

Examining Predictive Role of Psychological Need Satisfaction on Happiness in terms of Self-Determination Theory

3rd International Conference on New Horizons in Education (INTE) -- JUN 05-07, 2012 -- Prague, CZECH REPUBLICWOS: 000313019500104This examination aimed to examine relationships between happiness and psychological need satisfaction and investigated whether psychological need satisfaction significantly predicts happiness. Participants were 192 Sakarya University students, between 17-45 age ranges (54.7% female, 44.3% male). Needs Satisfaction Scale and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used as measurement instruments. Multiple regression analysis indicated that happiness is significantly predicted by psychological need satisfaction among university students. Need for competence is the best predictor of happiness and need for autonomy and need for relatedness follow it, respectively. Findings show that predictor variables account for 54% of total variance of happiness. Happiness and psychological need satisfaction and its sub-dimensions. autonomy, competence and relatedness, are also significantly associated in a positive way (p<.01). Finally, psychological need satisfaction and happiness do not significantly differ in terms of gender. Consequently, these results suggest that increments of basic psychological need satisfactions for autonomy, competence and relatedness of university students contribute to happiness levels. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and TechnologySakarya Univ, Istanbul Univ, Suleyman Sah Univ, Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Univ Tainan, Inst Politecnico Guarda, Turkish Online Journal Educ Technol, Egitim Teknolojileri Arastirmalari Dergisi, Ohio Univ, Cleveland State Univ, Governors State Univ, Near E Univ, Cyprus Int Univ, Natl Cent Univ, Assoc Sci, Educ & Technol, Online Journal New Horizons Edu

Meaning in Life and Subjective Well-Being among Turkish University Students

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between meaning in life and subjective well-being. The sample of the study consisted of 232 university students (171 female / 61male) from Sakarya University. The Satisfaction with Life Scale, The Positive-Negative Affect Scale and The Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used to collect data. In data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were used. The findings showed that presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life significantly predict subjective well-being. According to regression analysis, meaning in life accounts for 34% of the variance within subjective well-being. The findings were discussed and in the light of these findings suggestions for future studies were proposed