Scale-worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) associated with chaetopterid worms (Polychaeta, Chaetopteridae), with description of a new genus and species

19 páginas, 9 figuras.Three species of scale-worms inhabiting chaetopterid tubes have been found during routine studies of benthic communities. Anotochaetonoe michelbhaudi gen. and sp. nov. occurred in the East Atlantic off Congo in association with Spiochaetopterus sp. and Phyllochaetopterus sp. It has a relatively short body (fewer than 50 segments); elytra in posterior part of the body arranged on chaetigers 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, present to posterior end; achaetous notopodia; neuropodia long, with longer subtriangular prechaetal lobes and shorter postchaetal lobes rounded distally; upper neurochaetae unidentate and lower bidentate; globular ciliated papillae present between ventral cirri and ventral basis of neuropodia. Lepidasthenia brunnea occurred in the Mediterranean Sea off the French coast both free-living and in association with Phyllochaetopterus sp. Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae was found in Vietnam (South China Sea) in association with Chaetopterus sp. This is the second finding of the species. The characteristics of the associations between chaetopterid genera and symbiotic polychaetes are discussed.This study was supported by a mobility grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (ref. no. SAB2003-0268), by the Federal Program ‘‘World Ocean. The studies of World Ocean nature, the dynamic of ecosystems’’ of the Russian Ministry of Sciences and Technologies and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 05-04-48350). The study has also been partly financed by a research contract between the CEAB (CSIC) and CREOCEAN (France).Peer reviewe

Running: A Flexible Situated Study

This paper describes a situated study of personal informatics applications for running that had to be conducted in a flexible and pragmatic way to adjust for the context of use. A qualitative situated study highlighted important differences in runners' motivations, uncovering markedly different uses and preferences between people who run either for health or for pleasure, but also underscored how the physical nature of the interaction impacted data collection. By adjusting the method to be sensitive to the physical nature of the interaction and the preferences of the participants, a pragmatic situated approach provided insights into how these technologies are actually used

Symbiotic association between Solanderia secunda (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Solanderiidae) and Medioantenna variopinta sp. nov. (Annelida, Polychaeta, Polynoidade) from North Sulawesi (Indonesia)

17 páginas, 10 figuras, 2 tablas.A mimic scale-worm was found associated with the athecate hydroid Solanderia secunda, commonly found on reefs of the NW coast of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The species resembled Medioantenna clavata Imajima 1997, which was originally described without any reference to a symbiotic mode of life and later reported to be living on a solanderiid hydroid both in Japanese waters. A detailed morphological analysis led us to consider the Indonesian specimens as a new species, namely Medioantenna variopinta sp. nov., which is congeneric with the Japanese species. The new species differs from the type material of M. clavata as it has elytra with one prominent finger-like papilla and all neurochaetae with unidentate tip, instead of an elytral lump and both unidentate and bidentate neurochaetae on segment two. In turn, the Japanese worms associated with Solanderia are here referred to our new species. Two morphological features in M. variopinta sp. nov. are rather unusual among scale-worms. One of them is its extremely high level of bilateral asymmetry and antero-posterior variability in elytral distribution and the other one is its elongated, upwardly directed nephridial papillae. The morphology and geographical distribution of the host together with the known characteristics of the symbiotic association have also been highlighted.The study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-92244-GFEN-a and 09-05- 00736a) and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) and is a contribution to the Consolidated Research Group of the ‘‘Generalitat de Catalunya’’ (ref. numb. 2009SRG665).Peer reviewe

Do syntopic host species harbour similar symbiotic communities? The case of Chaetopterus spp. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)

Este artículo contiene 24 páginas, 6 tablas, 7 figuras.To assess whether closely related host species harbour similar symbiotic communities, we studied two polychaetes, Chaetopterus sp. (n D 11) and Chaetopterus cf. appendiculatus (n D 83) living in soft sediments of Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam). The former harboured the porcellanid crabs Polyonyx cf. heok and Polyonyx sp., the pinnotherid crab Tetrias sp. and the tergipedid nudibranch Phestilla sp. The latter harboured the polynoid polychaete Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae, the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri and the porcellanid crab Eulenaios cometes, all of which, except O. fowleri, seemed to be specialized symbionts. The species richness and mean intensity of the symbionts were higher in Chaetopterus sp. than in C. cf. appendiculatus (1.8 and 1.02 species and 3.0 and 1.05 individuals per host respectively). We suggest that the lower density of Chaetopterus sp. may explain the higher number of associated symbionts observed, as well as the 100% prevalence (69.5% in C. cf. appenciculatus). Most Chaetopterus sp. harboured two symbiotic species, which was extremely rare in C. cf. appendiculatus, suggesting lower interspecific interactions in the former. The crab and nudibranch symbionts of Chaetopterus sp. often shared a host and lived in pairs, thus partitioning resources. This led to the species coexisting in the tubes of Chaetopterus sp., establishing a tightly packed community, indicating high species richness and mean intensity, together with a low species dominance. In contrast, the aggressive, strictly territorial species associated with C. cf. appendiculatus established a symbiotic community strongly dominated by single species and, thus, low species richness and mean intensity. Therefore, we suggest that interspecific interactions are determining species richness, intensity and dominance, while intraspecific interactions are influencing only intensity and abundance. It is possible that species composition may have influenced the differences in community structure observed. We hypothesize that both host species could originally be allopatric. The evolutionary specialization of the symbiotic communities would occur in separated geographical areas, while the posterior disappearance of the existing geographical barriers would lead to the overlapped distribution.This work was suported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no 14-14-01179), the Spanish Research Project MariSymBiomics (CTM2013-43287-P) and the Consolidated Research Group of Marine Benthic Ecology of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR120).Peer reviewe

Synthesis and Properties of the Copper Composite Membranes

Composite catalysts based on track-etched membranes (TeMs) and metal nanoparticles (NPs) or nanotubes (NTs) deposited by different approaches have drawn a special attention because of attractive catalytic properties coupled with large catalytically active surface, high mechanical strength and efficient flexibility, which allows them to be successfully used for several reaction cycles without additional manipulation of purification and activation

Mali : Interessen, Intrigen, Interventionen

Volume: 71Start Page: 27End Page: 4

Seasonal bleaching and partial mortality of Pocillopora verrucosa corals of the coast of central Vietnam

IntroductionCoral reefs are one of the most productive yet vulnerable ecosystems on Earth. An important step in understanding the functioning of coral communities is studying the environmental impact on the state of reefs. The present study aimed to assess the impacts of the water temperature, precipitation, wave action, and population density on the seasonal bleaching, partial and complete mortality of shallow-water branching corals of Pocillopora verrucosa species complex. Materials and methodsThe present study was conducted at the Dam Bay research station (Nha Trang Bay) from 26 April 2020 to 2 April 2021. The environmental data was collected from the Dam Bay weather station and using a temperature logger planted on the nursery, coral bleaching and mortality were assessed visually using photos taken underwater. ResultsThroughout the study, the percentage of bleached coral colonies varied from 1 to 41.5% with two peaks, in autumn (October) and spring (April). Rates of the development of partial mortality varied from 0 to 10%, with a pronounced peak in December. At the end of the experiment, the percentage of coral colonies suffering from partial mortality reached 47%. Only 4,5% of experimental colonies died to the end of the study. Analysis revealed that water temperature and partial mortality are the drivers of bleaching, while wave action, temperature and bleaching are the factors with a significant impact on partial mortality.DiscussionThus, both bleaching and patrial mortality are interlinked and the effect of partial mortality on bleaching is stronger than the opposite. Both phenomena have pronounced seasonal variation, but their maximum manifestation does not coincide in time allowing corals to avoid their synergetic effect. Moreover, it was found that the impact of individual stress on mortality prevailed over the impact of seasonal bleaching and partial mortality events. The main cause of coral death was the development of algal fouling at the sites of colony lesions, which gradually spread over the entire surface of the colony

Study of the Effect of Doping ZrO2 Ceramics with MgO to Increase the Resistance to Polymorphic Transformations under the Action of Irradiation

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of doping ZrO2 ceramics with MgO on radiation swelling and polymorphic transformations, as a result of irradiation with heavy ions. Interest in these types of materials is due to the great prospects for their use as structural materials for new-generation reactors. The study established the dependences of the phase composition formation and changes in the structural parameters following a change in the concentration of MgO. It has been established that the main mechanism for changing the structural properties of ceramics is the displacement of the cubic c-ZrO2 phase by the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 substitution phase, which leads to an increase in the stability of ceramic properties to irradiation. It has been deter-mined that an increase in MgO concentration leads to the formation of an impurity phase Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 due to the type of substitution, resulting in changes to the structural parameters of ceramics. During studies of changes in the strength properties of irradiated ceramics, it was found that the formation of a phase in the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 structure leads to an increase in the resistance to cracking and embrittlement of the surface layers of ceramics. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. АР09259476)

On the Diversity of Phyllodocida (Annelida: Errantia), with a Focus on Glyceridae, Goniadidae, Nephtyidae, Polynoidae, Sphaerodoridae, Syllidae, and the Holoplanktonic Families

Este artículo contiene 65 páginas, 26 figuras, 1 tabla.Phyllodocida is a clade of errantiate annelids characterized by having ventral sensory palps, anterior enlarged cirri, axial muscular proboscis, compound chaetae (if present) with a single ligament, and of lacking dorsolateral folds. Members of most families date back to the Carboniferous, although the earliest fossil was dated from the Devonian. Phyllodocida holds 27 well-established and morphologically homogenous clades ranked as families, gathering more than 4600 currently accepted nominal species. Among them, Syllidae and Polynoidae are the most specious polychaete groups. Species of Phyllodocida are mainly found in the marine benthos, although a few inhabit freshwater, terrestrial and planktonic environments, and occur from intertidal to deep waters in all oceans. In this review, we (1) explore the current knowledge on species diversity trends (based on traditional species concept and molecular data), phylogeny, ecology, and geographic distribution for the whole group, (2) try to identify the main knowledge gaps, and (3) focus on selected families: Alciopidae, Goniadidae, Glyceridae, Iospilidae, Lopadorrhynchidae, Polynoidae, Pontodoridae, Nephtyidae, Sphaerodoridae, Syllidae, Tomopteridae, Typhloscolecidae, and Yndolaciidae. The highest species richness is concentrated in European, North American, and Australian continental shelves (reflecting a strong sampling bias). While most data come from shallow coastal and surface environments most world oceans are clearly under-studied. The overall trends indicate that new descriptions are constantly added through time and that less than 10% of the known species have molecular barcode information availableWe acknowledge support of the publication fees by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI) and the Open Access Publication Funds of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. This research was funded by the Spanish “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” (AEI) and the European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER), Research Project PopCOmics (CTM2017-88080) to DM; the Russian Scientific Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. RFBR 18-05-00459 to TAB; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), contract foreseen in the Decree-Law 57/2016 (Nrs 4-6, art. 23), changed by Law 57/2017 to AR and FCT/MCTES to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020) through national funds; São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), fellowship proc. 2007/53040-9 to MVF; Spanish MINECO, AEI, Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares, European Social Funds and Ramón y Cajal program, RYC-2016-20799 to MC; FCT and ESF (SFRH/BD/131527/2017) through a PhD grant to MALT.Peer reviewe

The Global Burden of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is amongst the world's most dangerous zoonoses. Transmission to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs which are excreted in the faeces of the definitive hosts: foxes and, increasingly, dogs. Transmission can be through contact with the definitive host or indirectly through contamination of food or possibly water with parasite eggs. We made an intensive search of English, Russian, Chinese and other language databases. We targeted data which could give country specific incidence or prevalence of disease and searched for data from every country we believed to be endemic for AE. We also used data from other sources (often unpublished). From this information we were able to make an estimate of the annual global incidence of disease and disease burden using standard techniques for calculation of DALYs. Our studies suggest that AE results in a median of 18,235 cases globally with a burden of 666,433 DALYs per annum. This is the first estimate of the global burden of AE both in terms of global incidence and DALYs and demonstrates the burden of AE is comparable to several diseases in the neglected tropical disease cluster