The political and social outlook for Latin America

Includes bibliographyA partir de una vision realista de la evolucion probable de los principales condicionantes economicos que enfrentan los paises de la region, en especial la deuda externa, el autor esboza los trazos gruesos de una estrategia para impulsar el desarrollo a mediano y largo plazo

Multisets and inequalities

No Abstrac

Immune-related adverse kidney events by immune checkpoint inhibitors; a narrative review on current studies

Chemotherapy-associated renal injury is considered one of the major concerns among nephrological and oncological practice. The use of novel anti-neoplastic therapies that target carcinomas has helped in the detection of this form of renal injury. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a group of monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory receptors that exist on tumor cells and T cells. ICPIs are able to suppress tumors that might have escaped from the immune surveillance. Meanwhile, although ICPIs have shown promising efficacy in cancer treatment, their immune-related side effects limit their widespread use in cancer therapy schedules. One of the major side effects limiting ICPIs' usage is nephrotoxicity. Glomerular disease, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are considered different infusion-related adverse events. Infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and plasma cells, as well as interstitial inflammation and edema, leading to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). It is conceivable that the rupture of self-tolerance by ICPIs induces an autoimmune reaction against some specific self-antigens in the organs including kidneys. The exact nature of the antigen is unclear; however, it is possible that it is found in the renal tubular cells, as indicated by a greater frequency of ATIN in kidney biopsies. The current review paper discusses the relationship between ICPIs therapy and kidney disorders or more specifically, their possible role in renal damage along with renal toxicity profile in the setting of ICPIs treatment

EVOLUTION OF ANTHROPOMETRICAL AND KINEMATIC PARAMETERS IN YOUNG SWIMMERS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Swimming kinematics parameters have been widely applied to measure the swimming skill in training and competitive situations. The descriptive study aim was to analyse the evolution of the swimming kinematics parameters related to anthropometrical data in the age-group. The data was obtained during the Winter National Age-Group (1994) and Junior (1996) Championships organized by the Royal Spanish Swimming Federation. Only those participanting in both championships were analysed in this study. The obtained results allow to conclude that the evolution observed in the kinematics variables and antropometrical variables in young swimmers shows the improvement in the speed depends SL resulting in part from the increase in anthropometrical variables

ANALYSIS OF TETHERED SWIMMING FORCE, TETHERED SWIMMING POWER, SWIMMING SPEED AND ANTROPOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG SWIMMERS IN CRAWL STROKE

Propulsive forces, instantaneous power and swimming velocity in semi-tethered swimming were measured in a group of 69 competitive swimmers. Also, isometric force in laboratory, best 15 m swimming velocity and 100 m freestyle personal mark and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. The results show the high relationship between swimming speed and the propulsive forces, and the instantaneous power. Consequently, the above mentioned variables can be useful for the evaluation of the swimmers along a season

PENGARUH KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR DI SMKN SAJINGAN BESAR PERBATASAN

AbstractThis study aims to determine whether the socio-economic conditions of parents can affect the learning achievement of students at SMKN 1 Sajingan Besar Perbatasan. In this study, researchers used descriptive methods by using relationship studies. The data source for class X consists of 4 classes majoring in RPL 1, RPL 2, APHP, K3R. and the data is from student’s report cards and questionnaires about the socioeconomic conditions of parents. The results showed that the socio-economic conditions of parents had influence on the learning achievement of students at SMKN 1 Desa Sabunga Perbatasan, this can be seen in the regression equation Y= 63,814+4,163X and obtained t count > t table is 5,688> 2,021 then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Which means that there is a positive influence of socio-economic conditions on student learning achievement, the contribution of the value of R square is 0.413 which states that the socio-economic conditions of parents have an influence on student learning achievement of 41.3%, the rest is influenced by other variables not mentioned in this study, so it is necessary further research.Keyword: Socio-Economic Conditions, Learning Achievement, SMKN 1 Sajinga

Socio-ecological survey of parks and gardens in the federal capital territory, Abuja Nigeria

Opinions of Abuja residents and potential recreational parks and gardens users were sought using structured questionnaires in order to document their socio-ecological knowledge. Three hundred (300) respondents were randomly selected from each of the Area Councils and questioned on the following socio-ecological issues: satisfaction with parks in the FCT, satisfaction with recreational facilities in the FCT, major activities in city parks and the recreational facilities, activities respondents want to see in parks, assessment on the amount of greening, security in parks, reasons for not using parks, willingness to pay for re-vegetation, participation in parks community services and awareness of publications by department of parks. The results showed that majority of the respondents (79%) and (70%) were not satisfied with the number of Parks in the FCT and Recreational Facilities in the FCT respectively. Also, on the major kinds of activity people would like to in City Parks and Recreational Facilities, selling of drinks (bar operation) was the highest (26%). On the facilities which respondents want to see in Parks highest number of respondents 31% would like Community centers. The amount of Greening was also assessed, majority of the respondents (83%) were not satisfied with the amount of greening in the FCT. On the Provision of Security in the Parks, majority of the respondents (84.3%) were not satisfied. Furthermore, reasons why some people may not like to use the parks were investigated, and three major reasons advanced were rowdy atmosphere, religious consideration and family background. Highest number of respondents 40.7% observed that rowdy atmosphere hindered them from patronizing the parks. On the willingness of people to pay for re-vegetation, 52% of the respondents were willing to pay for revegetation in the Council Areas. Again, participation in Parks Community Services was high, and concerning the Awareness of Publications by Department of Parks, 81% respondents were aware of the publications by department of parks in the Council Areas. These parks and green areas are the ecological units with indicators that need urgent policies for their maintenance and sustenance for both ecological and socio-ecological benefits.Keywords: Urban ecosystem, Natural ecosystem, Green Area, Recreational Parks, Gardens, Ecolog

A survey of recent introduction events, spread and mitigation efforts of mynas (Acridotheres sp.) in Spain and Portugal

Un estudio sobre los recientes episodios de introducción, la propagación y las iniciativas de mitigación de los minás (Acridotheres sp.) en España y Portugal El miná común, Acridotheres tristis, está catalogado entre las 100 especies más invasoras del mundo. En el presente artículo combinamos las observaciones ya existentes con un estudio de campo para determinar los procesos de invasión de tres especies de minás en España y Portugal. Los resultados sugieren que hubo al menos 22 introducciones accidentales e independientes desde comienzos de los años 90 en la península ibérica y en tres archipiélagos. Si bien el miná oscuro (A. ginginianus) no ha llegado a establecerse, hay poblaciones reproductoras de miná común en cuatro islas. Las iniciativas de erradicación permitieron eliminar esas poblaciones insulares, pero la especie se mantiene en el estuario del Tajo (Portugal). En esta región existe también una población reproductora de miná crestado (A. cristatellus), que ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década. Es necesario combinar las campañas de erradicación con acciones preventivas, cuyo objetivo sea detener el comercio de estas especies en Europa, para evitar nuevas introducciones accidentales.The common myna Acridotheres tristis is listed among the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species. We combined previous records with a field survey to update the extent and fate of myna introductions in Spain and Portugal. Results suggest that there have been at least 22 independent accidental introductions of three myna species throughout the Iberian peninsula and three archipelagos since the early 1990s. While bank mynas (A. ginginianus) did not become established elsewhere, common mynas reached breeding populations on four islands. Eradication efforts allowed the extirpation of these breeding island populations, but common mynas continue to breed in the Tagus Estuary (continental Portugal). In this region, there is also a breeding population of crested mynas (A. cristatellus), which was undergone an exponential population growth in the last decade. To avoid further accidental introductions, eradication campaigns should be combined with preventive actions aiming to stop the trade of these species in Europe.Un estudio sobre los recientes episodios de introducción, la propagación y las iniciativas de mitigación de los minás (Acridotheres sp.) en España y Portugal El miná común, Acridotheres tristis, está catalogado entre las 100 especies más invasoras del mundo. En el presente artículo combinamos las observaciones ya existentes con un estudio de campo para determinar los procesos de invasión de tres especies de minás en España y Portugal. Los resultados sugieren que hubo al menos 22 introducciones accidentales e independientes desde comienzos de los años 90 en la península ibérica y en tres archipiélagos. Si bien el miná oscuro (A. ginginianus) no ha llegado a establecerse, hay poblaciones reproductoras de miná común en cuatro islas. Las iniciativas de erradicación permitieron eliminar esas poblaciones insulares, pero la especie se mantiene en el estuario del Tajo (Portugal). En esta región existe también una población reproductora de miná crestado (A. cristatellus), que ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década. Es necesario combinar las campañas de erradicación con acciones preventivas, cuyo objetivo sea detener el comercio de estas especies en Europa, para evitar nuevas introducciones accidentales