68 research outputs found
Evolution of magnetic fields through cosmological perturbation theory
The origin of galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields is an unsolved
problem in modern cosmology. A possible scenario comes from the idea of these
fields emerged from a small field, a seed, which was produced in the early
universe (phase transitions, inflation, ...) and it evolves in time.
Cosmological perturbation theory offers a natural way to study the evolution of
primordial magnetic fields. The dynamics for this field in the cosmological
context is described by a cosmic dynamo like equation, through the dynamo term.
In this paper we get the perturbed Maxwell's equations and compute the energy
momentum tensor to second order in perturbation theory in terms of gauge
invariant quantities. Two possible scenarios are discussed, first we consider a
FLRW background without magnetic field and we study the perturbation theory
introducing the magnetic field as a perturbation. The second scenario, we
consider a magnetized FLRW and build up the perturbation theory from this
background. We compare the cosmological dynamo like equation in both scenarios
Geodesic Deviation Equation in Bianchi Cosmologies
We present the Geodesic Deviation Equation (GDE) for the
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW) universe and we compare it with the equation
for Bianchi type I model. We justify consider this cosmological model due to
the recent importance the Bianchi Models have as alternative models in
cosmology. The main property of these models, solutions of Einstein Field
Equations (EFE) is that they are homogeneous as the FRW model but they are not
isotropic. We can see this because they have a non-null Weyl tensor in the GDE.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), ERE200
Brief Virtual Reality Mindfulness is More Effective than Audio Mindfulness and Colouring in Reducing Stress in University Students
Objectives: Although various multi-week mindfulness programs have been introduced for stress reduction over the past decades, there is still little evidence on the effectiveness of short, self-applied interventions. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality mindfulness and audio mindfulness, as well as a simple colouring session. Method: Sixty-seven participants were initially enrolled, with 64 remaining after exclusions. They were randomly allocated to one of three face-to-face stress management interventions: virtual reality (VR) mindfulness, audio mindfulness or colouring. Before and after the 10-min intervention, questionnaires were administered to assess differences in perceived stress, psychological well-being, and engagement. Heart rate was also measured to indicate physiological stress. Results: VR mindfulness was the only intervention to significantly increase wellbeing. Both VR and colouring significantly reduced stress, with VR producing the largest reduction in heart rate, though this was not statistically significant when compared to baseline. The three conditions were perceived as highly engaging, with the highest scores corresponding to VR mindfulness and the lowest to audio mindfulness. Conclusions: This study shows that a single brief session of VR mindfulness can produce short-term beneficial effects in people at high risk of stress, greater than those achieved through colouring and audio mindfulness. This suggests promising direct implications for university mental health services, although future research is needed to explore long-term benefits as well as the relative efficacy of longer interventions. Preregistration: This study is not preregistered
El crecimiento de las exportaciones menores y el sistema de fomento de las exportaciones en Colombia
En este estudio se hará un intento de explicar el crecimiento de las exportaciones menores durante los últimos veinte años a la luz de las políticas colombianas de fomento de las exportaciones. El esfuerzo de fomento de las exportaciones menores se inició a base de aproximaciones sucesivas en las cuales varió con frecuencia la definición de las exportaciones menores y las políticas algunas veces cambiaron de un año a otro
Noncommutative Geometry Inspired Rotating Black Hole in Three Dimensions
We find a new rotating black hole in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space
using an anisotropic perfect fluid inspired by the noncommutative black hole.
We deduce the thermodynamical quantities of this black hole and compare them
with those of a rotating BTZ solution.Comment: 7 page
‘Let's be careful out there’: Maximization and core values predict action time in police decision making
This study tests the hypothesis that individual differences in trait maximization as well as in core personal values impact decision-making in dynamic and high-risk situations. 420 student-candidates at a Spanish police College (64.8 % male; 18 to 25 years) completed an online questionnaire that included maximization measures and core personal values. They then responded to three written vignettes that required dichotomous decisions (act vs. wait) under conditions of uncertainty. Multilevel modelling revealed that higher scores in maximization predicted a greater tendency to choose the action option later, but no differences were found in difficulty or perceived confidence. The tendency to wait was significantly higher among those who had wait-favouring core values; likewise, it was lower among those who had action-favouring core values. This study confirms the role of the trait maximization in the timeliness of decision-making, and illustrates the relationship between certain identified values, and decision making
Boundary Term in Metric f(R) Gravity: Field Equations in the Metric Formalism
The main goal of this paper is to get in a straightforward form the field
equations in metric f(R) gravity, using elementary variational principles and
adding a boundary term in the action, instead of the usual treatment in an
equivalent scalar-tensor approach. We start with a brief review of the
Einstein-Hilbert action, together with the Gibbons-York-Hawking boundary term,
which is mentioned in some literature, but is generally missing. Next we
present in detail the field equations in metric f(R) gravity, including the
discussion about boundaries, and we compare with the Gibbons-York-Hawking term
in General Relativity. We notice that this boundary term is necessary in order
to have a well defined extremal action principle under metric variation.Comment: 12 pages, title changes by referee recommendation. Accepted for
publication in General Relativity and Gravitation. Matches with the accepted
versio
An Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Using Rapport-Based Interviewing Approaches With Child Sexual Abuse Suspects
Two studies examined whether rapport-based interviewing with child sexual abuse (CSA) suspects provides greater interview yield that could result in overall cost-savings to the investigation. First, multi-level modelling was applied to 35 naturalistic CSA suspect interviews to establish whether rapport-based interviewing techniques increase “yield” – defined as information of investigative value. The Observing Rapport Based Interviewing Technique (ORBIT coding manual was used to code interviews; it includes an assessment of both interpersonal adaptive and maladaptive rapport-based interviewer engagement as well as motivational interviewing (MI) strategies. The impact of these two strands (interpersonal and MI) on extracting information of investigative value (including strengthening a case for court and safeguarding) were examined. Adaptive interpersonal strategies increased case strengthening and safeguarding yield, with motivational interviewing having the largest impact on safeguarding yield. Both strategies increase the likelihood of gaining additional types of economic yield. Maladaptive interviewer strategies reduced case strengthening and different types of economic yield. In study two, literature-based economic estimates were applied to establish the potential cost benefits from following national ORBIT rapport training. Further training in adaptive and motivational interviewing could contribute cost savings between £19 and £78 million (annual unit costs) increasing to £238–£972 million (lifetime costs) for online CSA across England and Wales; and £157–£639 million (annual unit costs) increasing to £2–£8 billion (lifetime costs) for all CSA. Failure to commit training resource to this, or an alternative strategy, could mean the cost burden attributable to maladaptive interviewing (between £1 and £6 million for online CSA and £12 and £48 million for all CSA) is not successfully averted
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