Prevalence of common oral conditions in dogs and cats attending a veterinary teaching hospital in Spain

Our aim is to provide a look into the typical clinical caseload from odontology primary care, based on dogs and cats treated at a veterinary teaching hospital. From 2013 to 2019, 468 dogs and 139 cats were treated. Data come from primary care practice; no referral cases were considered. The most frequently detected conditions in dogs were periodontal disease (59.6%), oral tumors (11.3%), dental fractures (7.7%), class 1 malocclusion (7.1%), dental fistulas (5.8%), class 3 malocclusion (3.4%), gingivitis (1.7%), periodontal disease with tooth resorption (0.4%), class 2 malocclusion (0.2%) and others (2.8%). Different distributions of main conditions were found when considering age and weight/breed (p  0.05). No significant temporal trends were detected. These prevalence estimations can be useful in the diagnosis and establishment of preventive measures. Attention could be focused on different oral conditions depending on breed (dogs) and on age (both dogs and cats)

The relevance of caseous lymphadenitis as a cause of culling in adult sheep

Four hundred and ninety-eight culled sheep received at the Ruminant Clinical Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Spain, were examined in life and after humanitarian sacrifice in order to reach the final diagnosis of the cause of culling and to evaluate the presence of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) lesions. One hundred and forty-seven of the 498 studied animals (29.52%) showed CLA compatible lesions that were subsequently confirmed by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolation. One hundred and seven of the 147 CLA affected animals presenting the visceral clinical form of the disease (72.79%), while only 32 animals were affected by the superficial form (21.77%). In addition, eight animals were found to be affected in both the visceral and the superficial presentations (5.44%). Eighty-four of the 147 CLA-affected animals (57.14%) did not show any concurrent disease, considering, in this case, CLA the main cause of culling (84/498: 16.87%). In the superficial presentation, the retropharyngeal lymph node, as a sole lesion, was the most frequently affected (13/32: 40.63%). Further, in the visceral form of the disease, 85.06% of the affected animals had the lesions located in the respiratory system (91/107: 85.06%). CLA was revealed as an important cause of culling in sheep production

Efecto del limado de los dientes de aguja en lechones sobre el rendimiento al destete

La presencia de dientes de aguja es una preocupación importante para el bienestar y el rendimiento de los lechones al destete. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el rendimiento de los lechones cuando se liman los dientes, considerando la paridad de la cerda. Para ello se analizaron 1.798 lechones de genética Hypor [cerdas Landrace x Large White cruzadas con machos German Pietrain]; 162 camadas fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a los grupos control (C: 871 lechones) o tratado (T: 915 lechones). No se detectó un efecto significativo del sexo en peso al destete (PD; P = 0, 390), ganancia media diaria (GMD; P = 0, 375) ni tiempo hasta el destete (TD; P = 0, 785). Se detectaron efectos significativos de la interacción grupo x paridad de la cerda (G x PC) sobre PD ( P 0, 05). El limado de dientes mejor ó la tasa de crecimiento hasta el destete en lechones de primíparas y cerdas de 2-6 partos, pero esta técnica no sería recomendable para lechones de cerdas maduras. The presence of needle teeth is an important issue for piglet welfare and performance. The objective of this study was to compare teeth grinding versus intact teeth in terms of piglet weaning performance, taking into account the sow''s parity. A number of 1, 798 piglets from Hypor Genetics [(Landrace x Large White sows) x German Pietrain boards] were studied; 162 litters were randomly assigned to the control (C: 871 piglets) or treated group (T: 915 piglets). Sex had no significant effects on wean weight (WW; P = 0.390), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.375) and time of weaning (TW; P = 0.785). Significant interactive effects group x sow''s parity (GxSP) were observed for WW (P 0.05). Grinding improved growth until weaning of piglets from primiparous and parity 2-6 sows, but the use of this technique would not be advisable for piglets from mature sows

Evolución de la fertilidad en inseminación artificial en explotaciones pertenecientes a Angra. Medidas de mejora aplicadas (I)

En la primera parte de este artículo se describen los factores ambientales que afectan al éxito de la inseminación artificial con semen refrigerado y la influencia en este éxito de un nuevo dispositivo antirreflujo para la inseminación artificial ovina

Rendimiento diagnóstico de la secuenciación de genes de hipercolesterolemia familiar en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia primaria

Introducción y objetivos Nuestro objetivo fue aproximar la prevalencia de mutaciones en los genes candidatos de hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) en una población española de mediana edad, y determinar el valor predictivo de los criterios clínicos de sospecha de HF en la detección de mutaciones causales. Métodos Se seleccionaron individuos mayores de 18 años no relacionados de la cohorte Estudio de Salud de los Trabajadores de Aragón (AWHS) con colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) > percentil 95, con enfermedad cardiovascular prematura o con cLDL > 130 mg/dl con tratamiento hipolipemiante, asumiendo que al menos una de las características estará presente en todos los individuos con HF. En estos participantes se secuenciaron los genes LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, STAP1 y LDLRAP1 mediante secuenciación masiva. Resultados De 5.400 individuos del AWHS, 4.514 tenían datos lipídicos y registro farmacológico hipolipemiante completo, 255 participantes (5, 65%) cumplían los criterios de sospecha de HF, 24 de ellos (9, 41%) fueron diagnosticados de hiperlipoproteinemia(a) y 16 (6, 27% de los secuenciados) presentaron alguna mutación causal en genes candidatos: 12 participantes portaban 11 alelos patogénicos diferentes en LDLR y 4 participantes portaban una mutación patogénica en PCSK9. Las concentraciones de cLDL > 220 mg/dl y el cLDL > 130 mg/dl a pesar del tratamiento con estatinas mostraron la mayor asociación con la presencia de mutación (p = 0, 011). Conclusiones Nuestros resultados muestran que la prevalencia española de HF es 1:282 y sugieren que una concentración de cLDL elevado, y niveles altos de cLDL a pesar de la terapia con estatinas son los mejores predictores para un diagnóstico genético positivo de HF. Introduction and objectives: Our objective was to approximate the prevalence of mutations in candidate genes for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a middle-aged Spanish population and to establish the predictive value of criteria for clinical suspicion in the detection of causative mutations. Methods: Unrelated individuals aged = 18 years from the Aragon Workers’ Health Study (AWHS) with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and clinical suspicion of FH (participants with LDL-C concentrations above the 95th percentile, participants with premature cardiovascular disease and/or participants with high LDL-C [130 mg/dL] under statin therapy), assuming that any participant with FH exhibits at leats 1 trait, were selected and the LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, STAP1 and LDLRAP1 genes were sequenced by next generation sequencing technology. Results: Of 5400 individuals from the AWHS, 4514 had complete data on lipid levels and lipid-lowering drugs, 255 participants (5.65%) met the criteria for suspicion of FH, 24 of them (9.41%) were diagnosed with hyperlipoproteinemia(a), and 16 (6.27% of those sequenced) were found to carry causative mutations in candidate genes: 12 participants carried 11 different pathogenic LDLR alleles and 4 participants carried 1 pathogenic mutation in PCSK9. LDL-C concentrations > 220 mg/dL and LDL-C > 130 mg/dL despite statin therapy showed the strongest association with the presence of mutations (P = .011). Conclusions: Our results show that the prevalence of FH in Spain is 1:282 and suggest that the combination of high untreated LDL-C and high levels of LDL-C despite statin therapy are the best predictors of a positive FH genetic test

Evaluating synergy between marbofloxacin and gentamicin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa

The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to marbofloxacin and gentamicin, and investigate the possible synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic effects between the two agents. P. aeruginosa strains can develop resistance quickly against certain antibiotics if used alone, thus the need emerges to find synergistic combinations. A total of 68 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs were examined. In order to describe interactions between marbofloxacin and gentamicin the checkerboard microdilution method was utilized. The MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) for marbofloxacin and gentamicin were in the range 0.25–64 mg/L and 0.25–32 mg/L, respectively. The combination of marbofloxacin and gentamicin was more effective with a MIC range of 0.031–8 mg/L and a MIC90 of 1 mg/L, compared to 16 mg/L for marbofloxacin alone and 8 mg/L for gentamicin alone. The FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) indices ranged from 0.0945 (pronounced synergy) to 1.0625 (indifference). Synergy between marbofloxacin and gentamicin was found in 33 isolates. The mean FIC index is 0.546, which represents a partial synergistic/additive effect close to the full synergy threshold. In vitro results indicate that marbofloxacin and gentamicin as partially synergistic agents may prove clinically useful in combination therapy against P. aeruginosa infections. Although marbofloxacin is not used in the human practice, the interactions between fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides may have importance outside the veterinary field