OS EFEITOS DO SANEAMETO BÁSICO PRECÁRIO PARA O AUMENTO DA ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

ResumoObjetivo: O estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos do saneamento básico precário na interferência para o aumento do quadro epidemiológico de uma das doenças parasitárias mais disseminadas, conhecida como Ascaridíase. Fontes dos Dados: O estudo baseia-se na revisão de literatura acerca do tema “Ascaridíase”, utilizou-se de pesquisas compreendidas entre o período de 2007 a2018, depositadas em plataformas como Scielo, Medline e Ministério da Saúde, assim como monografias de estados federais e estaduais. Síntese dos Dados: O saneamento básico é uma das medidas adotas para minimizar ou controlar os avanços das enfermidades com as doenças parasitárias, em especial ascaridíase, assim como contribuir para qualidade de vida humana. É uma patologia epidemiológica de ordem global afetando principalmente países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, sendo sinônimo de pobreza. O Ascaris lumbricoides surge em meio a essa problemática devido à facilidade de contaminação, originando-se pelo solo, água e alimentos infectados com o parasito ou pelo déficit de higienização e educação. Diagnosticada por exames coproparasitológico ou por meio da eliminação de parasitos nas fezes. Fácil de ser tratado, mas com um auto índice de reinfecção se não obtiver uma profilaxia correta. Conclusões: Observou-se, mediante o levantamento dos dados, que o déficit e a infraestrutura inadequados do saneamento básico pode contribuir efetivamente para aumentar o quadro epidemiológico da ascaridíase humana, o que contribuiu com as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade da população alvo mundialmente.Palavras-chave: Ascaridíase; Saneamento Básico; Contaminação. AbstractObjective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of precarious basic sanitation on interference to increase the epidemiological picture of one of the most widespread parasitic diseases known as Ascariasis. Sources of Data: The study is based on a literature meeting that addresses the topic "Ascariasis," using research between 2007-2018 deposited in platforms such as Scielo, Medline and the Ministry of Health, as well as monographs of federal and state states. Data Synthesis: Basic sanitation is one of the measures adopted to minimize or control the progress of diseases with parasitic diseases, especially ascaridiasis, as well as contribute to human quality of life. It is a global epidemiological pathology affecting mainly underdeveloped and developing countries, being synonymous with poverty. Ascaris lumbricoides arises amid this problem due to the ease of contamination, originating from soil, water and food infected with the parasite or from the hygiene and education deficit. Diagnosed by coproparasitological examinations or by the elimination of parasites in feces. Easy to treat, but with a self-reinfection rate if you do not get correct prophylaxis. Conclusions: It was observed from the data collection that the inadequate deficit and infrastructure of basic sanitation can effectively contribute to increase the epidemiological picture of human ascariasis contributing to the morbidity and mortality rates of the target population worldwide.Keywords: Ascariasis; Basic sanitation; Contamination. figshare DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.828543

Qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de sorvetes sabor chocolate comercializados na cidade de Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de sorvetes comercializados a granel em Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil. Amostras de sorvete, sabor chocolate, foram coletadas em cinco estabelecimentos que comercializam gelados comestíveis a granel tipo “self-service”. Foram determinados coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella sp., além dos parâmetros físico-químicos e composição centesimal. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos na análise de sorvetes industrializados e com a legislação Brasileira. Os aspectos higiênicos sanitários dos estabelecimentos que comercializam sorvetes a granel foram avaliados por meio de uma lista de verificação em boas práticas. Todas as amostras de sorvetes comercializados a granel (100%) e 60% das amostras de sorvetes industrializados analisadas apresentaram-se em desacordo com os padrões microbiológicos preconizados pela legislação Brasileira apresentando níveis inaceitáveis de coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus aureus, o que pode estar associado às condições higiênicas dos estabelecimentos uma vez que 60% das sorveterias avaliadas foram classificadas no grupo III (alto risco) de acordo com a lista de verificação em boas práticas. Além disso, parte dos sorvetes apresentaram teores inferiores de proteínas e gorduras lácteas, sendo, portanto, necessária uma maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos competentes a fim de evitar danos ao consumidor

MORTALIDADE INFANTIL POR DOENÇA FALCIFORME NA BAHIA: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO

Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos infantis por transtorno falciforme na Bahia em crianças menores de um ano de vida, nos anos de 2008 a 2013, registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, transversal de cunho epidemiológico, baseado em dados de óbitos infantis por transtornos falciformes nos anos de 2008 a 2013, obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, com o acesso ao DATASUS, (e) analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: Entre os casos de óbitos, 72,7% foram do sexo masculino, prevalecendo a raça/cor parda (54,5%) e faixa etária entre 28 a 364 dias de vida (90,1%). Conclusão: O estudo demonstra uma alta taxa de letalidade e prevalência da doença falciforme

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Stemodia maritima L. Extract Decreases Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Alveolar Bone Loss in an Experimental Periodontitis Rat Model

Periodontitis is very prevalent worldwide and is one of the major causes of tooth loss in adults. About 80% of the worldwide population use medicinal plants for their health care. Stemodia maritima L. (S. maritima) antioxidant and antimicrobial effects in vitro as well as anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, the potential therapeutic effect of S. maritima was assessed in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis (EP). EP was induced in female Wistar rats by nylon thread ligature around 2nd upper left molars for 11 days. Animals received (per os) S. maritima (0.2; 1 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline + DMSO) 1 h before ligature and then once daily for 11 days. The naive group had no manipulation. After this time-point, the animals were terminally anesthetized, and the maxillae were removed for morphometric and histological analyzes (HE). Gingival tissues were dissected to cytokine levels detection (TNF-α, IL1-β, CINC-1, and IL-10), enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) analysis, as well as gene expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, RANK, and iNOS) by qRT-PCR. Systemic parameters (weight variation, plasma levels of hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were performed. Histological analysis of the stomach, liver, kidney, and heart was also performed. S. maritima (5 mg/kg) decreased alveolar bone loss, TNF-α and CINC-1 gingival levels, oxidative stress, and transcription of TNF-α, IL1-β, RANK, and iNOS genes. It elevated both BALP activity and IL-10 gingival levels. The animals showed no any signs of toxicity. In conclusion, S. maritima reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and alveolar bone loss in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis. S. maritima is a potential tool for controlling the development of periodontitis

Protective effect of Platymiscium floribundum Vog. in tree extract on periodontitis inflammation in rats.

Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease, which can lead to tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Platymiscium floribundum Vog., a Brazilian tree which has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the rats, which received (per os) P. floribundum extract (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 1h before periodontitis-challenge and once daily during 11 days. Treatment with P. floribundum (10mg/kg) decreased alveolar bone loss, MPO activity nitrite/nitrate levels, oxidative stress, TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-8/CINC-1, and PGE2 gingival levels, and transcription of TNF-α, IL1-β, COX-2, iNOS, RANK, and RANKL genes, while elevated both BALP serum levels and IL-10 gingival levels. The animals did not show signs of toxicity throughout the experimental course. These findings show that P. floribundum has anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive properties in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis, representing an interesting biotechnological tool