School girls and childbearing motives: A randomized clinical trial through hidden curriculum

Background: Childbearing motives are considered as the primary stimulus of fertility and the importance of making fertility decisions in humans. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a new form of interactional program on the childbearing motives of students. Materials and Methods: According to a well-defined, single-blind randomized controlled trial, we selected eight government schools in Tehran. Students in the age range of 7-12 yr and 16-18 yr (130 students in each school with a total number of 260) were selected for a series of intervention from storytelling to free discussion on a special subject through the concept of hidden curriculum. We evaluate the outcome with pretest-posttest based on the Miller childbearing motives questionnaire. One month after the last intervention, final evaluation took place. Results: The findings showed that after an intervention conducted in the best way, all positive scores were promoted while the negative ones declined. One the other hand, no matter what really the participant’s groups were, their total intention score got better. In this way, the total positive scores were significantly increased in the intervention groups (p = 0.000) Also, the students in high school significantly improved in positive scores and the negative score decreased in them. Conclusion: This study showed that the fundamental childbearing motives even with small interventions can be improved. Our intervention could improve the positive childbearing motives among school girls. In this regard, the role of some confounding factor such as the role of some confounding factors such as religious beliefs in family, maternal education is most important. Key words: Childbearing, Motive, School, Adolescents, Intention

The Role of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) in Predicting Maternal Serum Leptin

Background: The key role of leptin is regulation of appetite and body lipid and pregnancy is a condition associated with overeating, reduction in heating and adaptation of lipid cells, culminating in increased body fat mass. So, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between changes in pre-pregnancy BMI and leptin. Methods: This Longitudinal study was conducted on 45 women in the first trimester of pregnancy using a longitudinal approach and convenience sampling method in Tehran city in 2015. The mothers in terms of pre-pregnancy BMI were divided into two groups: group A (n=22 with normal BMI) and group B (n=23 with high BMI), with maternal serum leptin being taken in 6-12 weeks and 15-20 weeks of pregnancy and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS V.21 using Kolmogorov Smirnov, independent t-test, two-sample Chi square, Mann-Whitney, Regression, Pearson and Landa tests with P.V<0.05. Results: The mean age of mothers in the present study was 27.47±5.55 years with a minimum age of 19 and a maximum age of 37 years. The mean plasma leptin of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher in the high BMI group than in the normal group. The correlation showed that the first trimester leptin and changes in leptin levels of pregnancy with pre-pregnancy BMI were significantly higher in the normal group (P=0.04 and P=0.003). Conclusions: BMI before and during pregnancy can be a predictor of maternal serum leptin in pregnancy weight gain. &nbsp

The Role of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) in Predicting Maternal Serum Leptin

Background: The key role of leptin is regulation of appetite and body lipid and pregnancy is a condition associated with overeating, reduction in heating and adaptation of lipid cells, culminating in increased body fat mass. So, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between changes in pre-pregnancy BMI and leptin. Methods: This Longitudinal study was conducted on 45 women in the first trimester of pregnancy using a longitudinal approach and convenience sampling method in Tehran city in 2015. The mothers in terms of pre-pregnancy BMI were divided into two groups: group A (n=22 with normal BMI) and group B (n=23 with high BMI), with maternal serum leptin being taken in 6-12 weeks and 15-20 weeks of pregnancy and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS V.21 using Kolmogorov Smirnov, independent t-test, two-sample Chi square, Mann-Whitney, Regression, Pearson and Landa tests with P.V<0.05. Results: The mean age of mothers in the present study was 27.47±5.55 years with a minimum age of 19 and a maximum age of 37 years. The mean plasma leptin of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher in the high BMI group than in the normal group. The correlation showed that the first trimester leptin and changes in leptin levels of pregnancy with pre-pregnancy BMI were significantly higher in the normal group (P=0.04 and P=0.003). Conclusions: BMI before and during pregnancy can be a predictor of maternal serum leptin in pregnancy weight gain. &nbsp

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Preterm Delivery in Tehran, Iran

Background & aim: Preterm delivery is one of the most important problems in pregnancy, as it is the primary cause of 75% of prenatal mortality and morbidities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for preterm delivery in Tehran, Iran. Methods:In this cross-sectional study performed in eight random hospitals from five different regions of Tehran (North, South, West, East, and center), the prevalence of preterm delivery was evaluated and the most frequent risk factors were identified. Samples were divided into preterm delivery (n=140) and term delivery (n=100) groups. Questionnaires were completed through interviews with mothers and using patient records. To analyze the data, Chi-square test was run, using SPSS version 16. Results: About 13,281 deliveries were included in the study. The highest and lowest prevalence of preterm delivery were 6.30% and 0.77% in the North and East regions of Tehran, respectively.  The overall prevalence of preterm delivery was 1.52% in Tehran. In the preterm group, age ≥35 years, pre-mature rupture of membranes, bleeding, gestational hypertension, history of preterm delivery and abortion, multiple pregnancy, and preeclampsia were significantly more frequent than the term delivery group. Conclusion: Spontaneous preterm birth was one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity; therefore, identification of its risk factors would be beneficial

The Relationship Between Postpartum Women\'s Sexual Function with the Type of Delivery and the Serum Concentration of Omentin-1 as a Predictive Biomarker

Background: Sexual function can be affected by hormonal changes, and recent studies indicate changes in the serum level of adipokines after childbirth. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual function after birth, the type of delivery, and the serum concentration of omentin-1. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in 89 women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy and met the inclusion criteria. The mother's serum omentin-1 concentration was measured in the first 24 hours after delivery, and its relationship with postpartum sexual function was evaluated according to the effect of delivery type. Results: The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between sexual function and the type of delivery (P≥0.05). Also, serum levels of omentin-1 in the first 24 hours after vaginal delivery were higher than cesarean, but this relationship was not significant (P= 0.948). The results of Pearson's correlation test, between the serum level of oemantin-1 and sexual function in the vaginal delivery group showed that omentin-1 has a significant and inverse relationship with sexual function in the third trimester of pregnancy and the 12th week postpartum. (Respectively r= -0.317, p= 0.034 and r= -0.327, p= 0.028). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the type of delivery had no significant relationship with sexual function. Also, the serum level of omentin-1 in the first 24 hours was higher in vaginal delivery than in cesarean. It can be concluded that the higher level of omentin-1 in mothers with vaginal delivery may act as a protective factor against metabolic disorders