Risk stratification to improve Pediatric Early Warning Systems: it is all about the context

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Intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review

Background Residents need to be trained across the boundaries of their own specialty to prepare them for collaborative practice. Intraprofessional learning (i.e. between individuals of different disciplines within the same profession) has received little attention in the postgraduate medical education literature, in contrast to the extensive literature on interprofessional learning between individuals of different professions. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review to investigate what and how residents learn from workplace-related intraprofessional activities, and what factors influence learning. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of empirical studies on intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education published between 1 January 2000 to 16 April 2020 in Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science. This study applied 'best fit' framework-based synthesis to map the existing evidence, using the presage-process-product (3P) model developed by Tynjala (2013). Results Four thousand three hundred thirty records were screened, and 37 articles were included. This review identified influencing (presage) factors that derived from the sociocultural environment, learner and learning context. Studies described that complexity of care can both facilitate and hinder learning. Furthermore, intraprofessional learning is threatened by professional stereotyping and negative perceptions, and awareness of learning opportunities and explicit reflection are critical in intraprofessional workplace learning. Studies described a range of informal and formal intraprofessional activities (process) under the headings of collaboration in clinical practice, rotations or placements, formal educational sessions and simulated workplace training. In general, learners responded well and their attitudes and perceptions improved, learners reported increased knowledge and skills and positive behavioural changes (product). Learning outcomes were reported in the domains of patient-centred care, collaborative attitudes and respect, mutual knowledge and understanding, collaborative decision making, communication, leadership, teamwork and reflexivity. Conclusions This review gives insight into the high learning potential of intraprofessional activities. Many of the included studies relied on self-reported perceptions of change, therefore, future research should focus on generating more robust evidence including objectively examined outcome measures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the factors that influence intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education. Finally, we provide recommendations for enhancing intraprofessional learning in clinical practice

Data chart: Intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review

Background Residents need to be trained across the boundaries of their own specialty to prepare them for collaborative practice. Intraprofessional learning (i.e. between individuals of different disciplines within the same profession) has received little attention in the postgraduate medical education literature, in contrast to the extensive literature on interprofessional learning between individuals of different professions. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review to investigate what and how residents learn from workplace-related intraprofessional activities, and what factors influence learning. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of empirical studies on intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education published between 1 January 2000 to 16 April 2020 in Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: focus on intraprofessional learning (i.e. the learning that occurs when two or more disciplines of the same profession engage), involves primary and/or secondary care postgraduate medical trainees, workplace learning: incidental and informal, intentional non-formal, and/or formal, contains empirical evidence from qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal. Exclusion criteria: does not meet inclusion criteria of focus on intraprofessional learning, primary and/or secondary care postgraduate medical trainees and workplace learning, grey literature, reviews, commentaries, book, papers only describing curricula (no empirical data), publication before 2000, written in another language than English, unable to retrieve abstract or full-text paper. 4330 records were screened, and finally 37 articles were included. The data was extracted using a data extraction chart. The collected data includes: article characteristics, study characteristics (study type, study design), participant characteristics (professions and specialties involved, sample size), characteristics of the intraprofessional workplace learning activity (type of workplace learning, description of the learning activity, learner role, supervision, duration and frequency), and learning outcomes

Data chart: Intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review

Background Residents need to be trained across the boundaries of their own specialty to prepare them for collaborative practice. Intraprofessional learning (i.e. between individuals of different disciplines within the same profession) has received little attention in the postgraduate medical education literature, in contrast to the extensive literature on interprofessional learning between individuals of different professions. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review to investigate what and how residents learn from workplace-related intraprofessional activities, and what factors influence learning. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of empirical studies on intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education published between 1 January 2000 to 16 April 2020 in Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: focus on intraprofessional learning (i.e. the learning that occurs when two or more disciplines of the same profession engage), involves primary and/or secondary care postgraduate medical trainees, workplace learning: incidental and informal, intentional non-formal, and/or formal, contains empirical evidence from qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal. Exclusion criteria: does not meet inclusion criteria of focus on intraprofessional learning, primary and/or secondary care postgraduate medical trainees and workplace learning, grey literature, reviews, commentaries, book, papers only describing curricula (no empirical data), publication before 2000, written in another language than English, unable to retrieve abstract or full-text paper. 4330 records were screened, and finally 37 articles were included. The data was extracted using a data extraction chart. The collected data includes: article characteristics, study characteristics (study type, study design), participant characteristics (professions and specialties involved, sample size), characteristics of the intraprofessional workplace learning activity (type of workplace learning, description of the learning activity, learner role, supervision, duration and frequency), and learning outcomes