Radiation Detector Circuit

This thesis is focused on building a radiation detector circuit along with the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Nowadays, radiation is commonly being used in several fields such as medical field and communication field. However, radiation is still harmful to all of us if it is in a large dose. Therefore, a radiation detector circuit is built in order to detect the existence of radiation. In this project, AM-241 is used as the radiation source. AM-241 emits mainly alpha radiation and the SiC photodiode is used as the radiation sensor. To deal with this project, a transimpedance amplifier circuit is built as the interface between Arduino Uno microcontroller and the SiC photodiode. Then, the output voltage is fed into any analog pin of the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The Arduino Uno microcontroller is programmed to calculate the values like the output voltage and the current passing through the SiC photodiode. All these values are displayed on the LCD and also compared to the values measured by using the multimeter. The difference between both has been analyzed and there is almost no difference. The performances of the SiC photodiode and the transimpedance amplifier circuit have also been analyzed. The possible reasons of why Am-241 alpha radiation is undetectable by the SiC photodiode have been revealed. Yet, the main reason is that of the weak strength of the Am-241 alpha radiation

The Outcome of HyperCVAD Combined with Alemtuzumab for the Treatment of Aggressive T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasms.

We report our experience in using six cycles of hyperCVAD in combination with alemtuzumab for the treatment of aggressive T-cell and NK/T-cell neoplasms. Seven females and six males with the median age of 41 (range 18–60) diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and peripheral T-cell and NK/T-cell neoplasms (nPTCL = 6, nT-cell ALL = 3, nNK/T-cell neoplasms = 4) from 2006 to 2008 were treated with alemtuzumab–hyperCVAD regimen. A total of nine patients (69%) responded to the regimen, with seven achieved complete remission and two achieved partial remission. The median progression free survival and overall survival duration among the responders with complete remission were 12.9 and 24.9 months respectively. The incidence of relapse among the responders was 44% and the overall survival rate was 23%. Only four (31%) patients completed the six cycles of alemtuzumab– hyperCVAD. Others were stopped earlier due to progressive disease (n = 2), cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and/or disease (n = 3), death not due to disease (n = 2), and patient’s refusal to continue alemtuzumab (n = 2). The incidence of death not due to disease, CMV reactivation and recurrent CMV reactivation were 50, 50 and 17%, respectively. This study shows that alemtuzumab in combination with hyperCVAD regimen is a feasible regimen but with high toxicity. The toxicity might be reduced with the incorporation of filgrastim and use of valganciclovir as CMV prophylaxis

Morphological characterization of Cus thin films by atomic force microscopy.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of solution concentration on the morphological properties of chemically deposited copper sulphide thin films. Atomic force microscopy studies of CuS thin films grown on microscope glass slides at different solution concentrations have been carried out from 0.05 to 0.2 M of copper sulfate, thiourea and tartaric acid solutions. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the films deposited using 0.05 M of solution concentration had incomplete coverage of material over the surface of substrate. The thin films deposited using 0.1 M showed higher number of CuS with homogeneous surface. On the other hand, when the thin films were deposited with 0.2 M of solution concentration, the number of grains reduced with the bigger grain size could be observed

Morphological Characterization of Cus Thin Films by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of solution concentration on the morphological properties of chemically deposited copper sulphide thin films. Atomic force microscopy studies of CuS thin films grown on microscope glass slides at different solution concentrations have been carried out from 0.05 to 0.2 M of copper sulfate, thiourea and tartaric acid solutions. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the films deposited using 0.05 M of solution concentration had incomplete coverage of material over the surface of substrate. The thin films deposited using 0.1 M showed higher number of CuS with homogeneous surface. On the other hand, when the thin films were deposited with 0.2 M of solution concentration, the number of grains reduced with the bigger grain size could be observed

The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of myeloproliferative neoplasms in Malaysia

Abstract Background The evolution of molecular studies in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has enlightened us the understanding of this complex disease consisting of polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The epidemiology is well described in the western world but not in Asian countries like Malaysia. Materials and methods This retrospective national registry of MPN was conducted from year 2009 to 2015 in Malaysia. Results A total of 1010 patients were registered over a period of 5 years. The mean age was 54 years with male predominance. The ethnic distribution revealed that Chinese had a relatively high weighted incidence proportion (43.2%), followed by Indian (23.8%), Malay (15.8%) and other ethnic groups (17.2%). The types of MPN reported were 40.4% of ET (n = 408), 38.1% of PV (n = 385), 9.2% of PMF (n = 93), 3.1% of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) (n = 31) and 7.9% of unclassifiable MPN (MPN-U) (n = 80). Splenomegaly was only palpable clinically in 32.2% of patients. The positive JAK2 V617F mutation was present in 644 patients with 46.6% in PV, 36.0% in ET, 9.0% in PMF, and 7.4% in MPN-U, and had significantly lower haemoglobin (p < 0.001), haematocrit (p < 0.001) and white blood cells (WBC) (p < 0.001) than those with negative mutation. Significant differences in platelet and WBC count were detected in ethnic groups and MPN sub-types. There were more arterial thrombosis events seen in those with JAK2 V617F mutation as compared to venous thrombosis events (23.1% vs 4.4%). The bleeding rate was only 6.6%. Among the risk factors, previous thrombosis, old age (≥ 60 years) and hypertension were significantly correlated to positive JAK2 V617F mutation. The arterial thrombosis event is associated with higher presenting HB, HCT and PLT while the bleeding event is associated with lower presenting HB, HCT but higher PLT. The presence of JAK2 V617F mutation is associated with higher risk of arterial thrombosis. Conclusion Chinese ethnicity is associated with higher rates of MPN. The history of thrombosis, age ≥ 60 years and hypertension are risk factors that can be correlated to JAK2 V617F mutation. This study is instrumental for policy makers to ensure preventive strategies can be implemented in future