On the Diagnostic Role of Morphological Signs of Wild Rose (Rosa L.)

Identification and systematics of species of wild rose (Rosa L.) are often associated with difficulties due to the diversity and variability of morphological features used in this process. They also arise in establishing genetic links between taxa of different ranks. Clarity in the diagnostic role of specific or group of characters is not only theoretical but also of practical importance. Such an attempt is made on the example of species of the genus Rosa from different sections and subsections (R. canina. R. danaiorum, R. ruprechtii, R. marschalliana, R. obtusifolia, R. svanetica, Rosa mollis, R. buschiana, R. pulverulenta, R pomifera, R. iberica, R. pimpinnefolia, etc.) of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The set of signs of the vegetative and generative sphere used in identifying species, subsections, sections has been considered. There was a lack of representativeness for the intraspecific diagnostics of such signs as: “free, immersed columns”, or “sessile stigmas in the hemispherical head above the fetal throat”, “occasionally solid sepals, with downward directed fruits” and others used in sectional diagnoses, because they are characteristic of species of different sections. The authors noted the heterogeneity of the authors’ approach to the characterization of section rank taxa, the inadmissibility of the universal, and the need for a differentiated approach in using the same characteristics when identifying taxa of different levels

ANALYSIS OF ENDEMISM OF THE XEROPHILOUS FLORA IN THE RUSSIAN CAUCASUS

The aim of our research is to study the endemics of the xerophilous flora of the Russian Caucasus in connection with the matter of knowing the genesis.Methods. The study is based on the field research expeditions.Findings. The presence of endemic species in flora is an indicator of its originality, and the degree of originality is determined by the extent of the endemic species. In general, according to our geographic analysis, the number of endemic species in xerophilous flora of the Russian Caucasus accounts for 32% (326 species), of which 25% of all endemic species have natural habitats within entire Caucasus, 66% are widespread in the Greater Caucasus, and 9% in the Pre-Caucasian region.Conclusion. Endemic species of xerophytes of the flora, in their overwhelming majority, are euxerophytes, and most steno-endemics also belong to this group of xerophytes. In a systematic aspect, the leading family, containing the largest number of endemic species, is Asteraceae (in percentage terms - Lamiaceae) and Jurinea is a leading genus (in percentage terms - Psephellus). In relation to the substrate, calcixerophytes are the dominants and most saturated endemics in quantitative terms are the belt of mountain xerophytes. The predominant biomes are hemicryptophytes; as compared with the number of biomorphes, among chamaephytes there is the biggest quantity of endemics

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS OF CHECHNYA AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS

Abstract. The aim of the research is to summarize the scattered information about the types of decorative flora of the Chechen Republic and adjacent territories; to identify highly resistant ornamental plants for cities and settlements of the North Caucasus and other territories of Russia. Discussion. Currently, in a variety of botanical gardens of the North Caucasus grows a large number of decorative plant species, widely used in green construction. However, not all species posses the quality to sufficient resist unfavorable conditions of the changed abiotic and biotic environment. Among the studied, the most valuable and promising for widespread introduction are the species of more than 122 taxa, the decorative effect of which is preserved throughout the year with no signs of aging. Many examples of the targeted use of herbs, tree species, lianas, bulbous plants were cited in the research. We give a large list of Caucasian species for growing on lawns, flowerbeds, flower gardens, alpine and stony mountains, roadsides and parks, urban parks, squares and alleys as a type of gardening. Their decorative properties, vitality, durability, life form and other bio-ecological features, attitude to abiotic factors (soil conditions, illumination, temperature, soil and atmospheric humidification conditions, etc.) were taken into account. Conclusion. We give a large list of ornamental species and various planting techniques of specific species are introduced in conditions of Chechnya and its adjacent territories as well as the methods of implementing in the landscaping practice in other (middle and northern) regions of Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE PLANT SPECIES USED FOR TECHNICAL PURPOSES IN CHECHNYA

Aim. The aim of the research is to define the species composition of technical plants, to conduct its comprehensive analysis and identify useful properties of wild species of Chechnya for enriching the range of plants used for technical purposes. Methods. The object of the study was the flora and spatial localization of certain types of technical plants on the territory of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The material for the study was obtained as a result of observations in nature and collection of herbarium material during expeditionary researches from 2010 to 2017. Discussion. The article lists dyeing, essential oil-bearing, tannic, tar-bearing plants of the flora of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The main woodraw plants that provide valuable wood are also given special attention in the research; the qualitative properties of various woods and their intended use are briefly described. Are also descried many arboreal and herbaceous species which are widely used or are promising for tanning leather, fabrics, as well as species for obtaining essential oils and aromatic substances suitable for the use in liquor and vodka production, confectionery and other industries. Conclusion. The availability of large reserves of raw technical crops in the republics of the North Caucasus makes them very promising for industrial use. The study of the properties of biologically active substances, establishment of their structure, and creation of valuable herbal preparations on their basis is of great practical importance. On the territory of the Chechen Republic we have identified 157 types of technical plants belonging to 74 genera and 35 families. The problem of preserving the species diversity of valuable, economically useful, including technical plants in culture, becomes especially urgent in connection with the expansion of the use of new species as sources of biological substances