Radiative Tau Lepton Pair Production as a Probe of Anomalous Electromagnetic Couplings of the Tau

We calculate the squared matrix element for the process e+ e- --> tau+ tau- gamma allowing for anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments at the tau tau gamma vertex. No interferences are neglected and no approximations of light fermion masses are made. We show that anomalous moments affect not only the cross section, but also the shape of the photon energy and angular distributions. We also demonstrate that in the case of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, the contribution from interference involving Standard Model and anomalous amplitudes is significant compared to the contribution from anomalous amplitudes alone. A program to perform the calculation is available and it may be employed as a Monte Carlo generator.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures submitted to Nuclear Physics

Scanning the Parameter Space of Holographic Superconductors

We study various physical quantities associated with holographic s-wave superconductors as functions of the scaling dimensions of the dual condensates. A bulk scalar field with negative mass squared $m^2$, satisfying the Breitenlohner-Freedman stability bound and the unitarity bound, and allowed to vary in $0.5$ unit intervals, were considered. We observe that all the physical quantities investigated are sensitive to the scaling dimensions of the dual condensates. For all the $m^2$, the characteristic lengths diverge at the critical temperature in agreement with the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The Ginzburg-Landau parameter, obtained from these length scales indicates that the holographic superconductors can be type I or type II depending on the charge and the scaling dimensions of the dual condensates. For a fixed charge, there exists a critical scaling dimension, above which a holographic superconductor is type I, below which it becomes a type II.Comment: 24 pages 47 figure

On String Theory Duals of Lifshitz-like Fixed Points

We present type IIB supergravity solutions which are expected to be dual to certain Lifshitz-like fixed points with anisotropic scale invariance. They are expected to describe a class of D3-D7 systems and their finite temperature generalizations are straightforward. We show that there exist solutions that interpolate between these anisotropic solutions in the IR and the standard AdS5 solutions in the UV. This predicts anisotropic RG flows from familiar isotropic fixed points to anisotropic ones. In our case, these RG flows are triggered by a non-zero theta-angle in Yang-Mills theories that linearly depends on one of the spatial coordinates. We study the perturbations around these backgrounds and discuss the possibility of instability. We also holographically compute their thermal entropies, viscosities, and entanglement entropies.Comment: 47 pages, 4 figure

Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation

Background: International clinical practice guidelines routinely recommend that cardiac patients participate in rehabilitation programmes for comprehensive secondary prevention. However, data show that only a small proportion of these patients utilise rehabilitation. Objectives: First, to assess interventions provided to increase patient enrolment in, adherence to, and completion of cardiac rehabilitation. Second, to assess intervention costs and associated harms, as well as interventions intended to promote equitable CR utilisation in vulnerable patient subpopulations. Search methods: Review authors performed a search on 10 July 2018, to identify studies published since publication of the previous systematic review. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); the National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) databases (Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)), in the Cochrane Library (Wiley); MEDLINE (Ovid); Embase (Elsevier); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost); and Conference Proceedings Citation Index ‐ Science (CPCI‐S) on Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). We checked the reference lists of relevant systematic reviews for additional studies and also searched two clinical trial registers. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with myocardial infarction, with angina, undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention, or with heart failure who were eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. Interventions had to aim to increase utilisation of comprehensive phase II cardiac rehabilitation. We included only studies that measured one or more of our primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were harms and costs, and we focused on equity. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of all identified references for eligibility, and we obtained full papers of potentially relevant trials. Two review authors independently considered these trials for inclusion, assessed included studies for risk of bias, and extracted trial data independently. We resolved disagreements through consultation with a third review author. We performed random‐effects meta‐regression for each outcome and explored prespecified study characteristics. Main results: Overall, we included 26 studies with 5299 participants (29 comparisons). Participants were primarily male (64.2%). Ten (38.5%) studies included patients with heart failure. We assessed most studies as having low or unclear risk of bias. Sixteen studies (3164 participants) reported interventions to improve enrolment in cardiac rehabilitation, 11 studies (2319 participants) reported interventions to improve adherence to cardiac rehabilitation, and seven studies (1567 participants) reported interventions to increase programme completion. Researchers tested a variety of interventions to increase utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation. In many studies, this consisted of contacts made by a healthcare provider during or shortly after an acute care hospitalisation. Low‐quality evidence shows an effect of interventions on increasing programme enrolment (19 comparisons; risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.42). Meta‐regression revealed that the intervention deliverer (nurse or allied healthcare provider; P = 0.02) and the delivery format (face‐to‐face; P = 0.01) were influential in increasing enrolment. Low‐quality evidence shows interventions to increase adherence were effective (nine comparisons; standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.55), particularly when they were delivered remotely, such as in home‐based programs (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.76). Moderate‐quality evidence shows interventions to increase programme completion were also effective (eight comparisons; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25), but those applied in multi‐centre studies were less effective than those given in single‐centre studies, leading to questions regarding generalisability. A moderate level of statistical heterogeneity across intervention studies reflects heterogeneity in intervention approaches. There was no evidence of small‐study bias for enrolment (insufficient studies to test for this in the other outcomes). With regard to secondary outcomes, no studies reported on harms associated with the interventions. Only two studies reported costs. In terms of equity, trialists tested interventions designed to improve utilisation among women and older patients. Evidence is insufficient for quantitative assessment of whether women‐tailored programmes were associated with increased utilisation, and studies that assess motivating women are needed. For older participants, again while quantitative assessment could not be undertaken, peer navigation may improve enrolment. Authors' conclusions: Interventions may increase cardiac rehabilitation enrolment, adherence and completion; however the quality of evidence was low to moderate due to heterogeneity of the interventions used, among other factors. Effects on enrolment were larger in studies targeting healthcare providers, training nurses, or allied healthcare providers to intervene face‐to‐face; effects on adherence were larger in studies that tested remote interventions. More research is needed, particularly to discover the best ways to increase programme completion

Novel 4, 8-benzobisthiazole copolymers and their field-effect transistor and photovoltaic applications

A series of copolymers containing the benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis(thiazole) (BBT) unit has been designed and synthesised with bisthienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), dithienopyrrole (DTP), benzothiadiazole (BT), benzodithiophene (BDT) or 4,4′-dialkoxybithiazole (BTz) comonomers. The resulting polymers possess a conjugation pathway that is orthogonal to the more usual substitution pathway through the 2,6-positions of the BBT unit, facilitating intramolecular non-covalent interactions between strategically placed heteroatoms of neighbouring monomer units. Such interactions enable a control over the degree of planarity through altering their number and strength, in turn allowing for tuning of the band gap. The resulting 4,8-BBT materials gave enhanced mobility in p-type organic field-effect transistors of up to 2.16 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for pDPP2ThBBT and good solar cell performance of up to 4.45% power conversion efficiency for pBT2ThBBT

The (p,q) String Tension in a Warped Deformed Conifold

We find the tension spectrum of the bound states of p fundamental strings and q D-strings at the bottom of a warped deformed conifold. We show that it can be obtained from a D3-brane wrapping a 2-cycle that is stabilized by both electric and magnetic fluxes. Because the F-strings are Z_M-charged with non-zero binding energy, binding can take place even if (p,q) are not coprime. Implications for cosmic strings are briefly discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur

The effect of Ganges river basin irrigation on pre‐monsoon rainfall

The first experiment studying the effect of irrigation on pre-monsoon rainfall in India using a high-resolution convection-permitting model has been carried out. This study includes both short (3-day) experiments and month-long free-running simulations, enabling investigation of the effect of irrigation on mesoscale circulations and associated rainfall. In the pre-monsoon, it is found that irrigation increases rainfall in our simulations. Intriguingly, the rainfall increase found in the high-resolution model mostly occurs on the mountains near the irrigation rather than over the irrigated region itself. This is because our applied irrigation is in low-lying regions, and so it enhances the mountain-valley flows leading to enhancement of diurnally driven orographic rainfall. Because Ganges basin irrigation occurs near mountains which already have some of the highest rainfall rates in the world, and which are subject to flash flooding and landslides, this has significant implications for hazards in mountainous regions during the pre-monsoon and early monsoon period

Black holes in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime

A model of 3+1 dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to abelian gauge fields has been proposed as a gravity dual for Lifshitz like critical phenomena in 2+1 dimensions. The finite temperature behavior is described by black holes that are asymptotic to the Lifshitz fixed point geometry. There is a one-parameter family of charged black holes, where the magnitude of the charge is uniquely determined by the black hole area. These black holes are thermodynamically stable and become extremal in the limit of vanishing size. The theory also has a discrete spectrum of localized objects described by non-singular spacetime geometries. The finite temperature behavior of Wilson loops is reminiscent of strongly coupled gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions, including screening at large distances.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures in jpeg format, v2: added referenc

Some No-go Theorems for String Duals of Non-relativistic Lifshitz-like Theories

We study possibilities of string theory embeddings of the gravity duals for non-relativistic Lifshitz-like theories with anisotropic scale invariance. We search classical solutions in type IIA and eleven-dimensional supergravities which are expected to be dual to (2+1)-dimensional Lifshitz-like theories. Under reasonable ansaetze, we prove that such gravity duals in the supergravities are not possible. We also discuss a possible physical reason behind this.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, flux conditions clarified (v2), brief summary of results added (v3

Short distance properties of cascading gauge theories

We study the short distance (large momentum) properties of correlation functions of cascading gauge theories by performing a tree-level computation in their dual gravitational background. We prove that these theories are holographically renormalizable; the correlators have only analytic ultraviolet divergences, which may be removed by appropriate local counterterms. We find that n-point correlation functions of properly normalized operators have the expected scaling in the semi-classical gravity (large N) limit: they scale as N_{eff}^{2-n} with N_{eff} proportional to ln(k/Lambda) where k is a typical momentum. Our analysis thus confirms the interpretation of the cascading gauge theories as renormalizable four-dimensional quantum field theories with an effective number of degrees of freedom which logarithmically increases with the energy.Comment: 47 pages, no figure