Supplemental Lysine in Feed and Water for Growing-Finishing Swine

At the 1966 South Dakota Swine Field Day information was reported (A.S. Series 6 6-22) on the effects of lysine in feed and water at comparable levels when the level of crude protein was slightly lower than normally recommended for the respective weight of the pigs. It was reported that pigs receiving lysine in the water gained slightly faster and considerably more efficiently than pigs that did not receive lysine or those fed lysine in the feed. In order to obtain more data on the effect of lysine in the feed or water for young pigs the experiment was repeated and is reported herein

Gastric intramucosal pH predicts outcome after surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Objective:The mortality associated with repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) remains obstinately high and many deaths result from multiple organ failure which is likely to be related to splanchnic ischaemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of splanchnic ischaemia in determining outcome from RAAA by comparing gastric intramucosal pH with other methods of assessing the adequacy of splanchnic oxygenation.Design and setting:Prospective cohort of patients following surgery for RAAA admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Guy's Hospital, London.Outcome measures:Gastric intramucosal pH (pHim) and global haemodynamic, oxygen transport and metabolic variables were measured on admission, at 12 h and at 24 h after admission. Results were compared between survivors and non-survivors and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the ability of each measurement to predict outcome.Results:The median 24 h APACHE II was 18 and the ICU mortality 45.5%. Gastric pHim was significantly higher in survivors than non-survivors at 24 h (7.42 vs. 7.24, p < 0.01). In survivors who had a low intramucosal pH (pHim) on admission there was a significant improvement over the first 24 h (7.26 to 7.40, p < 0.05), whereas in patients who subsequently died, and had a normal pHim on admission, there was a significant fall in pHim (7.35 to 7.16, p < 0.05). ROC curves showed that gastric pHim was the most sensitive measurement for predicting outcome in these patients.Conclusions:Gastric intramucosal pH is the most reliable indicator of adequacy of tissue oxygenation in patients with RAAA, suggesting that splanchnic ischaemia may have played an important role in determining survival

Supplemental Lysine in Drinking Water of Growing-Finishing Swine Fed Rations of Two Different Protein Levels

Cereal grains do not contain an adequate amount of the amino acids (protein building blocks) to support optimum growth of growing-finishing pigs. The protein present in cereal grains is of relatively poor quality since it does not contain the proper balance of amino acids to support optimum growth of growing-finishing swine. The most limiting amino acid in cereal grains is lysine. Protein supplements such as soybean meal, contain larger amounts of the essential amino acids and thus are used to balance a cereal grain ration. Previous research at this station, however, has shown that a corn-soybean meal ration can often be improved with lysine supplementation to the drinking water of growing pigs. These trials were conducted to obtain further information on the effect of adding 4 gm of L-lysine monohydrochloride per gallon of drinking water to pigs fed com-soybean meal rations of two protein levels

Transverse Fivebranes in Matrix Theory

M-theory on the maximally supersymmetric plane wave background of eleven-dimensional supergravity admits spherical BPS transverse M5-branes with zero light-cone energy. We give direct evidence that the single M5-brane state corresponds to the trivial (X=0) classical vacuum in the large N limit of the plane wave matrix theory. In particular, we show that the linear fluctuation spectrum of the spherical fivebrane matches exactly with the set of exactly protected excited states about the X=0 vacuum in the matrix model. These states include geometrical fluctuations of the sphere, excitations of the worldvolume two-form field, and fermion excitations. In addition, we propose a description of multiple fivebrane states in terms of matrix model vacua. Finally, we discuss how to obtain the continuum D2/M2 and NS5/M5 theories on spheres from the matrix model. The matrix model can be viewed as a regularization for these theories.Comment: Latex file, 2 eps figures, 22 pages; v2: typo correcte

String Pair Creations in D-brane Systems

We investigate the criterion, on the Born-Infeld background fields, for the open string pair creation to occur in D$p$-(anti-)D$p$-brane systems. Although the pair creation occurs generically in both D$p$-D$p$ and D$p$-anti-D$p$ systems for the cases which meet the criterion, it is more drastic in D$p$-anti-D$p$-brane systems by some exponential factor depending on the background fields. Various configurations exhibiting pair creations are obtained via duality transformations. These include the spacelike scissors and two D-strings (slanted at different angles) passing through each other. We raise the scissors paradox and suggest a resolution based on the triple junction in IIB setup.Comment: V2. 1+28 pages, 5 figures in JHEP3, minor changes, added reference

Fuzzy Rings in D6-Branes and Magnetic Field Background

We use the Myers T-dual nonabelin Born-Infeld action to find some new nontrivial solutions for the branes in the background of D6-branes and Melvin magnetic tube field. In the D6-Branes background we can find both of the fuzzy sphere and fuzzy ring solutions, which are formed by the gravitational dielectric effect. We see that the fuzzy ring solution has less energy then that of the fuzzy sphere. Therefore the fuzzy sphere will decay to the fuzzy ring configuration. In the Melvin magnetic tube field background there does not exist fuzzy sphere while the fuzzy ring configuration may be formed by the magnetic dielectric effect. The new solution shows that $D_0$ propagating in the D6-branes and magnetic tube field background may expand into a rotating fuzzy ring. We also use the Dirac-Born-Infeld action to construct the ring configuration from the D-branes.Comment: Latex, 15 pages, detailed comments in section 2, typos correcte

Law, politics and the governance of English and Scottish joint-stock companies 1600-1850

This article examines the impact of law on corporate governance by means of a case study of joint-stock enterprise in England and Scotland before 1850. Based on a dataset of over 450 company constitutions together with qualitative information on governance practice, it finds little evidence to support the hypothesis that common-law regimes such as England were more supportive of economic growth than civil-law jurisdictions such as Scotland: indeed, levels of shareholder protection were slightly stronger in the civil-law zone. Other factors, such as local political institutions, played a bigger role in shaping organisational forms and business practice

Quadrupole Instabilities of Relativistic Rotating Membranes

We generalize recent study of the stability of isotropic (spherical) rotating membranes to the anisotropic ellipsoidal membrane. We find that while the stability persists for deformations of spin $l=1$, the quadrupole and higher spin deformations ($l\geq 2$) lead to instabilities. We find the relevant instability modes and the corresponding eigenvalues. These indicate that the ellipsoidal rotating membranes generically decay into finger-like configurations.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Towards a supersymmetric non-abelian Born-Infeld theory

We define an iterative procedure to obtain a non-abelian generalization of the Born-Infeld action. This construction is made possible by the use of the severe restrictions imposed by kappa-symmetry. We have calculated all bosonic terms in the action up to terms quartic in the Yang-Mills field strength and all fermion bilinear terms up to terms cubic in the field strength. Already at this order the fermionic terms do not satisfy the symmetric trace-prescription.Comment: 9 pp. Latex, to appear in the proceedings of the Strings 2000 conferenc

Relating branes and matrices

We construct a general map between a Dp-brane with magnetic flux and a matrix configuration of D0-branes, by showing how one can rewrite the boundary state of the Dp-brane in terms of its D0-brane constituents. This map gives a simple prescription for constructing the matrices of fuzzy spaces corresponding to branes of arbitrary shape and topology. Since we explicitly identify the D0-brane degrees of freedom on the brane, we also derive the D0-brane charge of the brane in a very direct way including the A-genus term. As a check on our formalism, we use our map to derive the abelian-Born-Infeld equations of motion from the action of the D0-brane matrices.Comment: 28 pages, Late