16,316 research outputs found
International Trade Between Consumer and Conservationist Countries
We consider trade between a consumer' country with an open access renewable resource and a conservationist' country that regulates resource harvesting to maximize domestic steady-state utility. In what we call the mild overuse' case, the consumer country exports the resource good and suffers steady-state losses from trade, as suggested by the conventional wisdom' that weak resource management standards confer a competitive advantage on domestic firms in the resource sector but cause welfare losses. Strikingly, however, when the resource stock is most in jeopardy, the conservationist country exports the resource good in steady state and both countries experience gains from trade.
International Trade and Open Access Renewable Resources: The Small Open Economy Case
This paper develops a two-sector general equilibrium model of an economy with an open access renewable resource. We characterize the autarkic steady state, showing that autarky prices (and 'comparative advantage') are determined by the ratio of intrinsic resource growth to labor. Under free trade, steady state trade and production patterns for a small open economy are determined by whether the resource good's world price exceeds its autarky price. Strikingly, if the small country exports the resource good while remaining diversified, then steady-state utility is lower than in autarky, and increases in the world price of exports are welfare-reducing.
Observing the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Closer to Home
Hot gas trapped in a dark matter halo will produce a decrement in the surface
brightness of the microwave background, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect.
While massive clusters produce the strongest central SZ decrements, we point
out that a local galaxy halo, specifically the halo of M31, may be one of the
brightest integrated SZ sources in the sky. For various realistic gas
distributions consistent with current X-ray limits, we show that the integrated
SZ decrement from M31 will be comparable to decrements already detected in more
distant sources, provided its halo contains an appreciable quantity of hot gas.
A measurement of this decrement would provide direct information on the mass,
spatial distribution and thermodynamic state of hot gas in a low-mass halo, and
could place important constraints on current models of galaxy formation.
Detecting such an extended (~ 10 degree), low-amplitude signal will be
challenging, but should be possible with all-sky SZ maps from satellite
missions such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe or the Planck
Surveyor.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; submitted to MNRA
Single flavour filtering for RHMC in BQCD
Filtering algorithms for two degenerate quark flavours have advanced to the
point that, in 2+1 flavour simulations, the cost of the strange quark is
significant compared with the light quarks. This makes efficient filtering
algorithms for single flavour actions highly desirable, in particular when
considering 1+1+1 flavour simulations for QED+QCD. Here we discuss methods for
filtering the RHMC algorithm that are implemented within BQCD, an open-source
Fortran program for Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the 35th International Symposium
on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spai
Proportional-integral-plus control applications of state-dependent parameter models
This paper considers proportional-integral-plus (PIP) control of non-linear systems defined by state-dependent parameter models, with particular emphasis on three practical demonstrators: a microclimate test chamber, a 1/5th-scale laboratory representation of an intelligent excavator, and a full-scale (commercial) vibrolance system used for ground improvement on a construction site. In each case, the system is represented using a quasi-linear state-dependent parameter (SDP) model structure, in which the parameters are functionally dependent on other variables in the system. The approach yields novel SDP-PIP control algorithms with improved performance and robustness in comparison with conventional linear PIP control. In particular, the new approach better handles the large disturbances and other non-linearities typical in the application areas considered
Evidence—Witnesses—Proof of Prior Inconsistent Statements
D was convicted of second degree assault. The prosecuting attorney, ostensibly for the purpose of laying a foundation for impeachment, asked D questions concerning D\u27s prior inconsistent statements, using a purported manuscript of a wire recording. D neither confirmed nor denied making the statements, answering, I don\u27t know or I don\u27t deny it or confirm it. The prosecutor failed to follow this up on rebuttal by proving or attempting to prove that the prior statements were actually made. Appellant contended this was error. Held: Conviction reversed. Such conduct was extremely prejudicial and constituted reversible error. State v. Yoakum, 137 Wash. Dec. 129, 222 P. 2d 181 (1950)
Physiological Effects of Chronic Copper Exposure to Rainbow Trout (\u3cem\u3eOncorhynchus Mykiss\u3c/em\u3e) in Hard and Soft Water: Evaluation of Chronic Indicators
Effects of chronic copper exposure on a suite of indicators were examined: acute toxicity, acclimation, growth, sprint performance, whole-body electrolytes, tissue residues, and gill copper binding characteristics. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 30 d to waterborne copper in hard water (hardness = 120 ÎĽg/L as CaCO3, pH = 8.0, Cu = 20 and 60 ÎĽg/L) and soft water (hardness = 20 ÎĽg/L as CaCO3, pH = 7.2, Cu = 1 and 2 ÎĽg/L). Significant acclimation to the metal occurred only in fish exposed to 60 mg/L, as seen by an approx. twofold increase in 96-h LC50 (153 vs 91 ÎĽg Cu/L). Chronic copper exposure had little or no effect on survival, growth, or swimming performance in either water hardness, nor was there any initial whole-body electrolyte loss (Na+ and Cl-). The present data suggest that the availability of food (3% wet body weight/day, distributed as three 1% meals) prevented growth inhibition and initial ion losses that usually result from Cu exposure. Elevated metal burdens in the gills and livers of exposed fish were measures of chronic copper exposure but not of effect. Initial gill binding experiments revealed the necessity of using radiolabeled Cu (64Cu) to detect newly accumulated Cu against gill background levels. Using this method, we verified the presence of saturable Cu-binding sites in the gills of juvenile rainbow trout and were able to make estimates of copperbinding affinity (log Kgill=Cu) and capacity (Bmax). Furthermore, we showed that both chronic exposure to Cu and to low water calcium had important effects on the Cu-binding characteristics of the gills
Restsim
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68439/2/10.1177_104687818301400404.pd
Proof-of-concept for a green energy linear program for optimizing deployments
The US military has spent billions of dollars and sacrificed many lives in the effort to bring electrical power services and the fuel that drives the generators to forward-deployed bases in Afghanistan and Iraq over the past 10 years. In an effort to reduce some of these tremendous costs, the US military has considered using alternative energy sources to generate electricity and reduce costs and exposure of fuel truck convoys. While some research [10] has used detailed software packages to model the electrical demand and renewable energy production tradeoffs in this environment, the impact of operational constraints is not readily apparent. The Green Energy Linear Program for Optimizing Deployments (GELPOD) is a proof-of-concept model that uses a linear program to optimize the combat deployment of energy generation systems while taking into account operational constraints of the mission. Results show a reduction in both cost and casualties for renewable energy sources that is highly dependent on fuel cost and deployment length. In the near term, energy demand reduction has potential for payoffs in both cost and casualty reduction
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