The half saturation removal approach and mechanism of Lead (II) removal using eco-friendly industrial fish bone meal waste biosorbent

Lead (II)-laden wastewater from lead acid battery and printed wire board industries are hazardous to human health and environment due to their toxicity and persistent characteristics. This study focuses on ecofriendly industrial Lutjanus erythropterus fish bone meal waste as biosorbent for Lead (II) removal. In this study, the effects of optimization of biosorption, isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, characterization of biosorbent were investigated, and the characteristics of biosorbent were compared with those of commercial resins. The half saturation removal of biosorbent amount was determined at 0.09 g in order to represent the excessive metal in real industrial wastewater condition compared to biosorbent and to minimize the consumption of chemicals and biosorption operation time. Such approach is supported by optimization results and Langmuir isotherm. Results obtained were better with Freundlich than with Langmuir isotherm, confirming the presence of heterogeneous monolayer with reversible binding sites. The biosorption mean energy inferred that chemisorption occurred in Lead (II) biosorption, and pseudo-second-order kinetics implied that chemisorption mechanism is the rate-limiting factor

Surface sterilization method for reducing contamination of

Surface sterilization is a vital step in preparation of healthy and viable explants in tissue culture. Most surface contaminants can be eliminated by surface sterilization with a suitable sterilizing agent. The study aimed to present an effective disinfection method for Clinacanthus nutans shoot regeneration using nodal segments. A total of four different sterilization approaches were conducted by treating nodal explants with various concentrations of sterilizing agent. Sterilizing agents used were Rhizophora apiculata Pyroligneous acid (PA), sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) thiophanate-methyl (fungicide), and Mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Nodal explant then was cultured on plant growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. This study sterilizing agents revealed that PA showed strong bactericidal activity. However, it led to a high number of fungal contaminations. The pyroligneous acid did not exhibit a strong potential as a disinfectant for C. nutans nodal explant. Overall, HgCl2 exhibits the best reduction in fungal contamination and gives a significant result with thiophanate-methyl fungicide. Surface sterilization with mercuric chloride (0.2%) for 1 hour was the optimum concentration and duration, which resulted in the highest percentage of nodal explant survival and viability. All viable nodal segments developed into shoots. It had been concluded that the best surface sterilization agent was HgCl2

Pleurotus Spent Mushroom Compost as Green Supplementary Nutrient in Tissue Culture

This study investigates the effect of Pleurotus spent mushroom compost as green supplementary nutrient in tissue culture. Different concentration of Pleurotus spent mushroom compost in powder (SMC) and activated carbon (SMCAC) were added into Murashige and Skoog media (MS) with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The shoot regeneration of Clinacantus nutans plant such as number of shoots, number of leaves and length of leaves were recorded for four weeks. Collected data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test through the SPSS Statistics 21 software. The 0.1 g/L SMC recorded the highest leaves numbers. Meanwhile, 0.2 g/L SMC showed highest performance in length of shoot. The SMCAC showed a negative response in number of leaves and shoot as well as length of shoot. In summary, the SMC showed significant performance in number of leave and shoot length but less effective on number of shoot. In contradictory, the SMCAC reported poor performance in shoot regeneration but contribute in absorption of nutrient from environment and storage of the nutrient asfunction of biochar. Therefore, the SMC has a high potential as a green supplementary nutrient for tissue culture. The application of this material has contributes into the green technology via convert waste to product, which is in-line with zero waste concept

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) for Phytoremediation of Zinc in Hydroponic System / Zainab Razali …[et al.]

It has been noted that zinc contamination is hazardous, which induces researchers to seek new means to overcome it. One of the methods is to employ the sunflower plant to eliminate zinc in soil. However, there is insufficient information about zinc phytoremediation by sunflowers in the hydroponic system. Hence in this study, a 15-day experiment was conducted using zinc concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L in a hydroponic system to investigate the effect of zinc towards the sunflower. The effects of zinc concentration on the plant growth performance (length of root, length of the stem, and the number of leaf), zinc uptake, and zinc translocation were evaluated. The findings showed that the plant growth was stunted but tolerated to a zinc stress condition, where the zinc concentrations had affected the growth of the sunflower root, length, and stem, and the zinc uptake significantly (p<0.05). It was also found that there was a significant variation of root length and zinc uptake in leaf within certain phases statistically (p<0.05). Then the translocation factor was found significantly different for the time parameter but not the zinc concentrations (p<0.05). Therefore, this experiment concluded that the sunflower plant was highly tolerant of zinc and able to remove the zinc from contaminated environments. Lastly, this study showed that sunflowers are the potential to phytoremediate zinc in a hydroponic system

Biosorption of Mercury Ion (Hg2+) using Live and Dead Cells of Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger : Characterization, Kinetic and Isotherm Studies

Mercury ions (Hg2+) are usually being discharged into water bodies without proper treatment. It is toxic, non-biodegradable and persistent naturally which leads to serious environmental problems. Through microbial approach, this study compares the efficiency of two types of fungi: R. oryzae and A. niger of common biosorption fungi in absorbing Hg2+ based on FTIR analysis, kinetic and isotherm studies. Both fungi were prepared into two forms which are live and dead biomass; and the Hg2+ was prepared at 10 and 100 ppm. FTIR analysis has identified existing functional group of hydroxyl, carboxylic and amino functional groups from both fungi, which are important in attracting Hg2+ ion. On average, 60-90% of Hg2+ was removed by both live and dead biomass of R. oryzae and A. niger at 10 and 100 ppm. Meanwhile, the highest sorption was achieved by dead cells of R. oryzae which is up to 90.38% at 100 ppm. In terms of kinetic studies, experimental data fitted to the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with correlation coefficient, R2 (0.9997), and Langmuir isotherm, which means the absorption process occurs on the homogenous surface that corresponds to the monolayer formation. Through these findings, the dead cells of A. niger and R. oryzae are better in sorption of Hg2+ compared to the live cells. Meanwhile, the rate of biosorption by R. oryzae is higher compared to A. niger. However, both fungi are excellent in biosorption of Hg2+ ions and could be an alternative to current physico-chemical methods used

HER2 Amplification and Clinicopathological Characteristics in a Large Asian Cohort of Rare Mucinous Ovarian Cancer

10.1371/journal.pone.0061565PLoS ONE84

Uterine leiomyosarcoma in asian patients: Validation of the revised federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging system and identification of prognostic classifiers

10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0124Oncologist17101286-1293OCOL