Association between the polymorphism of CA dinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of NFκB1 gene and risk of breast cancer

زمینه و هدف: ژن NFκB1 زیر واحد اتصالی به DNA در کمپلکس NF-κB را کد می‌کند. تزاید بیان این ژن در برخی سرطان‌ها از جمله سرطان پستان گزارش ‌شده ‌است. در این مطالعه، وجود پلی‌مورفیسم تکرار CA در اینترون یک ژنNFκB1 و ارتباط آن با خطر ابتلا به سرطان پستان در جمعیت اصفهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه‌ی مورد- شاهد، بر روی 115 زن مبتلا به سرطان پستان و 115 زن سالم صورت گرفت. پس از استخراج DNA از نمونه‌های خون افراد مورد مطالعه، توالی مورد نظر توسط واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز تکثیر گردید. در نهایت پلی‌مورفیسم تکرار CA توسط الکتروفورز قطعات تکثیر شده بر روی ژل پلی‌اکریل‌آمید و تعیین توالی مشخص شد. یافته ها: بر طبق نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، نه الل مختلف تکرار CA در محدوده‌ی 14 تا 23 تکرار در اینترون یک این ژن مشخص شد. بیشترین فراوانی اللی در هر دو گروه بیمار (27) و کنترل (28/69) متعلق به الل 16(CA) بود. با توجه به فراوانی الل کوتاه 14(CA) در افراد بیمار (3/04) و کنترل (0)، زنان حامل الل 14(CA) ژنNFκB1 به طور قابل توجهی در معرض خطر بالاتری برای ابتلا به سرطان پستان قرار دارند. نتیجه گیری: از آنجا که الل‌ 14 تکرار CA تنها در افراد بیمار مشاهده شد و با توجه به نسبت افزاینده بزرگتر از هشت، ممکن است این تکرار اللی بتواند به عنوان یک مارکر پیش‌آگاهی سرطان پستان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد

Knowledge and perceptions of obesity prevention and reducing sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among high school girl students in Shahrekord

Background and aims: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. One of the key lifestyle behaviors that helps prevent obesity and being overweight among children and adolescents is to avoid drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or to take, at most, one serving per day. The present study intended to evaluate knowledge and perceptions of high school girl students in Shahrekord on reducing SSBs consumption based on the health belief model (HBM). Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study, conducted in 2013–2014, randomly recruited 308 female students aged 13–14 years. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on HBM and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated using face validity, content validity, and inter-rater reliability. The Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and Spearman’s correlation tests were used in SPSS software to analyze the data. The participants declared their informed consent for participation. Results: The research findings showed that the mean score of students’ knowledge was 36.53 ± 21.87; mean scores of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were 31.88 ± 15.04, and 34.76 ± 19.82, respectively; perceived benefits of reducing the consumption of SSBs was 43.51 ± 20.18, and perceived barriers was 41.56 ± 15.69. There was a direct significant relationship between knowledge and perceived susceptibility as well as between perceived susceptibility and perceived severity. The students’ intake of SSBs was calculated as 2.95 glasses per day. There was a direct significant relationship between perceived benefits and mother’s job, between perceived barriers and father’s job, and between knowledge and mother’s age. There was an inverse relationship between perceived susceptibility and father’s job. Conclusion: Considering the high intake of SSBs among students, along with their little knowledge and perception about its negative effects, it seems necessary to plan for proper educational and theory-based interventions for adolescents in order to improve their knowledge and develop a positive attitude toward reducing SSBs consumption

Check strategic needs in the development of virtual training in accordance with the standard of education in this city ISOO 10015

Today, all over the world, who are looking to develop and reform of education begin. The study was descriptive survey research domain. To determine the needs of the development strategy in accordance with ISO 10015 virtual training in education was designed. The population in this study were all teachers of District 2 this city were randomly selected 202 people questionnaire designed to gather information using the questionnaire according to ISO 10015, with 9 educational needs of the question 6 of question Education, training and 8 Question 9 Question implementation of educational evaluation. Cronbach's alpha for the educational needs of questions 78/0 = a, instructional design questions 75/0 = a, questions the educational performance of 76/0 = a, and Educational Evaluation Questions 91/0 = a, respectively. Data using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Friedman test, ANOVA, t-test samples) were analyzed. The results showed that men and 7/34 3/65% of the participants were women, the mean and standard deviation component of training needs, training design, implementation and evaluation of training to the 68/0 ± 5/2, 66/0 ± 51/2, 60/0 ± 40/2 and 92/0 ± 48/2 one-sample ttest showed that the average score in all 4 components are significantly higher than average and only in component. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

Related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on health belief model among teen girls in Qom City, Iran

Background Although osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood, it can start from childhood and adolescence. Lifestyle, especially physical activity, mobility, and proper nutrition during adolescence are among the important osteoporosis preventive factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among teen girls in Qom city, Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade girl students in Qom city. The participants were selected via multistage sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Health Belief Model used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results The current study, knowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a significant and positive relationship with physical activity behavior (r=0.13, P 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that educational interventions and programs must focus on increasing knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to enhance physical activity behavior and reduce the perceived barriers associated with osteoporosis preventive physical activity

Proper consumption of sugary drinks and its association with adolescent girls' knowledge and skill

Background: Changes in the nutritional behaviors from consumption of traditional nutriments to intakes of high energy, concerned in powering the increasing problem in adolescents and children's obesity. The current study intended to evaluate Proper consumption of sugary drinks and its association with adolescent girls' knowledge and skill in Shahr-e-kord city, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on girl's students in Shahr-e-kord city. Using random sampling method and based on sampling size formula, a total of 308 of the girls students were randomly selected from the schools and were registered into the study. Then they received a research-made questionnaire containing questions about the knowledge, skill and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 by ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of the participating adolescent girls was 13.86 ± 1.3 years old. The mean score for knowledge was 36.53 ± 21.87 and the mean score for the skill of preparing and consumption of sugar free drinks was 35.77 ± 24.67. The average amount of daily consumption of sugary drinks among studied adolescent girls was 2.95 glasses. There was a direct significant association between students' knowledge and skill (P = 0.002, r = 0.182), There was also a significant reverse association between adolescents' skill (P = 0. 006 r = -0.228) and knowledge (P = 0. 05 r = -0.322) with consumption of sugary drinks. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, to increase the consumption of valuable foods and improving adolescents' nutritional habits, more attention should be paid to the health education and promotion and by using effective relevant patterns and theories

The Relationship of Perceptions, Self-efficacy, and Junk Food Consumption With Demographic Variables in Female Students in Shahrekord

Background and aims: Inappropriate or imbalanced consumption of foods may lead to several health problems, especially among adolescents, the complications of which will remain for several years. This study aimed to investigate perceptions, self-efficacy, and the status of junk food consumption and their relationship with demographic variables in female high school students in Shahrekord using Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: This is a descriptive- analytic study conducted in academic year 2016-2017. Three hundred twenty-three adolescent girls (second grade high school students of Shahrekord) were selected through cluster sampling method. A standard questionnaire, according to the structures of health belief model (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) and a checklist for assessment of junk food consumption was used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16 and descriptive as well as analytic tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 16.03 ± 1.24 years old. The mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in proper consumption of junk foods were 55.66 ± 20.95; the mean frequency of junk food consumption among the students was reported to be 6.17 ± 3.18 times. There was a significantly inverse associations among perceived self-efficacy, severity, and benefit and junk food consumption. The mean frequency of junk food consumption in the schools under investigation was 6.67 ± 3.62 times. Conclusion: Considering the consumption of relatively high amounts of junk foods, the students’ low levels of knowledge and perception and the effect of peer groups, it is necessary to promote students’ nutritional knowledge, change adolescents’ diet, and pay more attention to packaging of healthy foods and making them more attractive

Assessing the effect of educational program based on small group on promoting knowledge and health literacy among women with type2 diabetes referring to selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Background: Health Literacy is the capacity in which individuals have to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Limited health literacy can reduce adults’ ability to comprehend and adhere treatment plans. This study was designed and implemented to assess effect of health education on promoting knowledge and health literacy in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This randomize clinical trial study, was conducted among 160 women with type 2 diabetes, in two experimental and control groups. Tools of current study were a brief form of standard questionnaire (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, TOFHLA) and knowledge was measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Intervention in a form of small groups, was performed in 6 educational sessions (45-60minuts) in experimental group. In order to analyzing data, SPSS16 software was used and independent t- test, Kruskal-Wallis, Whitney U Wilcoxon, Co-Variation, Chi- ، square were conducted. Results: Demographic variables of studied population in two groups was similar before intervention (p>0.05). Differences between the scores of Knowledge and Health Literacy in two groups, after and before intervention, was totally different (after, p0/05). Conclusion: Study findings indicated that education with small group's strategy in experimental group, in comparison with current education is effective

Educational need assessment of infertile women admitted to yazd reproductive sciences institute

The purpose of this study was to assess the educational need of infertile women admitted to Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Yazd, Iran. The statistical population included 200 infertile women who were selected through convenience sampling method. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with statistical validity and reliability. Data were collected through interviews and self-reports and then analyzed using SPSS v.16 along with descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The mean awareness scores of factors related to infertility, sexual satisfaction and nutritional needs were 4.36, 4.03, and 5.02, respectively. There was a significant relationship between awareness of infertility factors and variables such as level of education, spouse’s level of education and place of residence. Moreover, there was a non-significant relationship between awareness of infertility factors and variables such as age, spouse’s age, profession, spouse’s profession, number of referrals to the institute, and insurance type. There was also a significant relationship between awareness of nutritional needs and profession; whereas a non-significant relationship was seen between the specified awareness and variables such as age, spouse’s age, spouse’s profession, level of education, spouse’s level of education, number of referrals to the institute, place of residence and insurance type. Conclusion: Since the studied participants exhibited limited awareness of related factors to infertility, it appears that developing a proper training program to raise awareness of infertility followed by its implementation and evaluation is necessary

The Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Physical Activity College Students Living on Campus in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science

Abstract Background: Regarding prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as primary hypertension, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases that sedentary is responsible for them; health policy makers plan to encourage people to do more physical activity. In this study, Knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity and its Related Factors of College Students Living on Campus in Shahid Beheshti University of medical science were determined. Methods: In this descriptive analytic survey, 665 individuals College Students Living on Campus in Shahid Beheshti University of medical science were selected by clustering sampling method. Data collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS16 (Pearson, spearman, ANOVAand T-test). Result: 54.9% of the subjects were female and 45.1% were male. Mean age of participants was 21.82 years for female and 22.76 years for male. Mean scores of knowledge was 73±1.72 for male and 78.901.66± for female. In addition mean scores of attitude was 79.18 for male and 74.33 for female and mean scores of practice was 228.78 minute per week for male and 174.41minute per week for female. Conclusion: Results indicated that students had no optimal practice towards physical activity. Thus, more attention is necessary to be paid by authorities to this specific topic and some measures are essential in training student

The Predictors of Health Literacy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Application of the Social Cognitive Theory

Background & Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to determine the predictors of health literacy in patients with COPD in Shahrekord, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 70 patients with COPD in Hajar and Kashani hospitals in Shahrekord in 2019. The patients were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory and health literacy standard questionnaire (HELIA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 18 using regression analysis and Pearsonchr('39')s correlation-coefficient. Results: The mean score of health literacy was 43.17±24.78, while the mean scores of knowledge, skills, perceive self-efficacy, and reinforcement were 28.14±9.78, 56.84±15.31, 32.60±14.02, and 63.06±21.97, respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that skills (P=0.006) and perceived self-efficacy (P=0.011) could predict health literacy in the patients with COPD. Conclusion: According to the results, skills and perceived self-efficacy based on the social cognitive theory could be an appropriate framework for designing training interventions in order to improve the health literacy of patients with COPD. Keywords: Health Literacy, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Social Cognitive Theory, Perceived Self-efficacy, Skill