36 research outputs found
Lifeworld, civilisation, system: PatoÄka and Habermas on Europe and its crisis
© FRANCESCO TAVA, 2016. The aim of this article is to show how both Jan PatoÄka and JĂŒrgen Habermas, starting from a reinterpretation of the idea of «lifeworld», engaged a critique of modern civilisation, aiming (with different outcomes) at a redefinition of the concept of political community. In order to achieve this goal, I firstly focus on PatoÄka's understanding of modern rational civilisation and its attempt to fix the fracture between «life» and «world». At this stage, I take also advantage of Hans Blumenberg's distinction between these two terms, in order to better clarify PatoÄka's stance on this problem. Secondly, I analyse Habermas' ideas of lifeworld and system, and their uncoupling in modern societies, as well as the reemergence of this issue in Habermas' recent works on the European economic and political crisis. Finally, I focus on the very different ways in which PatoÄka and Habermas tackled the ideas of conflict and crisis in contemporary world, also in view of a possible path out of this crisis through a re-constitution of Europe
Sacrifice as a political problem: Jan PatoÄka and sacred sociology
The question arising from this article regards the meaning of sacrifice within the frame of Jan PatocÌkaâs philosophy. Is human sacrifice aimed at reinforcing an institution or state of things as in the case of the Unknown Soldier narrative, or is it rather â as PatocÌka maintained â an essentially destabilizing deed, which has the power to shatter peopleâs knowledge and existence? In order to answer this question, I contrast PatocÌkaâs standpoint with those of EÌmile Durkheim and of the main representatives of the so-called âsacred sociologyâ: Roger Caillois, Georges Bataille and other members of the ColleÌge de sociologie. In conclusion, I show how PatocÌkaâs approach to the theme of sacrifice helps to understand whether and how a âproper sacrificeâ can actually become an instrument of political dissent within human societies
Facing global crises after Europe: Between philosophy and politics
Introduction to the issue of Metodo: International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy, 'Facing Global Crises After Europe: Between Philosophy and Politics'
Solidarity and data access: Challenges and potentialities
This paper provides an account of the challenges and potentialities of a solidarity-based approach to data access and governance. To do that, it offers an infraethical understanding of solidarity that describes it as a structural moral enabler that can sustain collective action and risk taking. The paper ends with a brief discussion of health data access as a possible case study to test this approach
Tragic realism: On Karel KosĂkâs insight into Kafka
The aim of this article is to shed light on the reflections that Czech Marxist philosopher Karel KosĂk dedicated to literature, and particularly to the writings of Franz Kafka, from the 1960s to the 1990s. More specifically, this article clarifies whether and how Kafkaâs work influenced KosĂkâs philosophy of praxis and critique of modern society
Facing a new crisis: Notes on Groundwork of Phenomenological Marxism, by Ian H. Angus (2021)
This review article analyses the topic of phenomenological Marxism, examining its historical formulations, critical contributions, and contemporary re-enactments. It begins with an overview of the works of Enzo Paci and the Milan school of phenomenology, as well as Jan PatoÄka and Karel KosĂk. In addition, it explores the recent work by Ian H. Angus, whose book, Groundwork of Phenomenological Marxism (2021), presents an innovative perspective on the relationship between phenomenology and Marxism. Angusâs work emphasizes the intersection of Husserl and Marxâs ontologies of the lifeworld and labour, offering a fresh perspective on the discourse surrounding the relationship between nature, labour, and culture. Drawing on both phenomenological and Marxist categories, Angus argues for the need for an ethics of responsibility in response to the ecological crisis currently facing humanity. Angus posits that an ethics of responsibility grounded in phenomenological Marxism offers a promising avenue for addressing this pressing global issue
EpochĂ© and institution: The fundamental tension in Jan PatoÄkaâs phenomenology
This article examines the relation between two key, but seemingly opposed concepts in Jan PatoÄkaâs thought: epochĂ© and the concrete institutional polis. In doing so it attempts to elucidate the inextricable relation between phenomenology and politics in the work of the Czech philosopher, and illustrate more broadly the possibilities for approaching the political from a phenomenological perspective. The article provides a phenomenological interpretation of âcare for the soulâ as closely linked to PatoÄkaâs reformulation of the core phenomenological notion of epochĂ©. It argues that in PatoÄkaâs work, the epochĂ©, traditionally conceived as a radical stepping back from the world must be rendered differently, not only as a negative freedom, but as the foundation of positive politics. Thus, the authors argue that there is a thematic and conceptual continuity between PatoÄkaâs phenomenological studies and his political work
The algorithmic disruption of workplace solidarity: Phenomenology and the future of work question
This paper examines, both historically and conceptually the development and technological mediation of the concept of solidarity. We argue for both an emphasis on the workplace as the locus of solidarity relations and for a phenomenological approach to describing and analysing these relations. On the basis of this approach, we then argue that algorithmic or automated decision support systems (ADS) may impact the formation of workplace solidarity relations. Solidarity relations are social objects that are mediated by a social-technological milieu and cannot be characterized in abstraction from this context. The focus on workplace solidarity is justified on the grounds that solidarity relations formed within the workplace and concretised via, for example, social objects such as labour unions, have played an outsize role in the broader struggle for social and political rights, recognition, and social, political and economic equality. The mediation and potential obstruction of solidarity relations by automated decision support systems is significant as solidarity can be understood as politically productive and desirable insofar as it motivates collective action and risk-taking. We hope to contribute to the growing literature on the "future of work" problem in elucidating the technological mediation of this central political concept
Future humanities
Future Humanities highlights the rise and convergence of new and critical humanities by publishing transâ and interdisciplinary research focused on diverse subjects and methodologies. These include, but are not limited to, philosophy, cultural and historical studies, religious studies, linguistics and semiotics, literature, and the arts as they intersect with various fields of study such as digital transformation and artificial intelligence, health ethics and biomedical technologies, climate change and biodiversity, and new media and communication. Special attention is given to the public dimension of these intersections and to the role that today's intellectuals play in their creation and development