280 research outputs found
Pronominal address among Russian Germans in the Altair Krai – preliminary results of empirical data
The German personal pronoun Ihr is the origin of an interesting difference in the address system of Russian Germans and Germans. Whilst the usage of this pronoun has shifted strongly in the last 100 years in Germany, it has been revealed that Russian Germans still use it in the same way as their predecessors. But since these observations date back more than ten years, the purpose of this study was to explore the current usage of personal pronouns among Russian Germans in the Altai Krai. For that purpose fourteen Russian Germans from the German National District and Barnaul were interviewed. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, as each respondent was presented a survey and went through a guided interview. As a result, two decision trees for the interviewed Mennonites on the one hand, and Catholics and Lutherans on the other hand, could be composed. The interviewed Russian Germans obviously still adhere to power semantics in the family, among friends and at work. While the Catholics and Lutherans were still employing Ihr, Mennonites used See in order to formally address one interlocutor. This study has also been able to identify Russian Germans' usage of the German dialect in the family and with friends
Dynamics of volumetrically heated matter passing through the liquid-vapor metastable states
Remaining within the pure hydrodynamic approach, we formulate a
self-consistent model for simulating the dynamic behavior of matter passing
through metastable states in the two-phase liquid-vapor region of the phase
diagram. The model is based on the local criterion of explosive boiling,
derived by applying the theory of homogeneous bubble nucleation in superheated
liquids. Practical application of the proposed model is illustrated with
hydrodynamic simulations of a volumetrically uniformly heated planar layer of
fused silica SiO2. Implications for experimentally measurable quantities are
briefly discussed. A newly developed equation of state, based on the well known
QEOS model and capable of handling homogeneous mixtures of elements, was used
in the numerical simulations.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
CAVEAT-TR: A 2D hydrodynamic code with heat conduction and radiation transport : I. Implementation of the SSI method for heat conduction
Creation of a homogeneous plasma column by means of hohlraum radiation for ion-stopping measurements
In this work, we present the results of two-dimensional
radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of a hohlraum target whose outgoing
radiation is used to produce a homogeneously ionized carbon plasma for ion-beam
stopping measurements. The cylindrical hohlraum with gold walls is heated by a
frequency-doubled ( ) long laser pulse
with the total energy of . At the laser spot, the peak matter
and radiation temperatures of, respectively, and are observed. X-rays from the hohlraum heat the attached
carbon foam with a mean density of to a temperature of
. The simulation shows that the carbon ionization degree () and its column density stay relatively stable (within variations
of about ) long enough to conduct the ion-stopping measurements. Also,
it is found that a special attention should be paid to the shock wave, emerging
from the X-ray heated copper support plate, which at later times may
significantly distort the carbon column density traversed by the fast ions.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
2D simulations of Hohlraum Targets for laser-plasma experiments and ion stopping measurements in hot plasmas
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