Role of Peasant Women in Socio-Economic Affairs of Family: A Case Study of Sargodha District

This is a scientific attempt to highlight the role of peasant women in family matters. The family is a significant component of society. Women play a fundamental role for the development of society. The women’s role in the improvement and functioning of society is not even acknowledged. Women are the backbone of a family. In rural areas of Pakistan, women are involved in many household activities such as cooking, ironing, picking cotton, upkeeping the children, shopping for groceries and supporting their family in economic activities but their role has been ignored. In this present study, women’s status and role in socio-economic affairs of family will be investigated. This study has been conducted in District Sargodha as a geographical universe and human universe were peasant women. In this current study, the multistage sampling technique from probability sampling method is used. The interview schedule was developed according to the objectives of study and research included 280 respondents. Inferential analysis proved that the women of different marital status have different roles in socio-economic affairs of the family as, at first, the role of women living in nuclear families increased to 7% in decision making process of socio-economic affairs of the family whereas, in joint family system, this role is decreased to 10% and lastly in extended families, the role of women in socio-economic affairs of the family increased to 3%. Secondly, it is obvious that the women with higher level of education have more understanding of familial rights as compared to the women with lower education. In the light of the above facts, this studysuggests that microcredit facility should be provided to peasant women, along with government and NGO’s by using mass media campaigns, should play their active role to empowered the peasant women

Analysis of Cognitive Tutor Geometry Curriculum

The Carnegie Learning Cognitive Tutor curricula are based on cognitive models, which include a representation of the learner\u27s thinking, strategies, and misconceptions. The Cognitive Tutor curricula typically speed up learning and yield greater learning as compared to traditional math curricula (Morgan & Ritter, 2002; Sarkis, 2004; Koedinger, Anderson, Hadley & Mark, 1997). In 2003 - 2004, sixteen school districts in Iowa started implementing Cognitive Tutor Algebra I, which proved to be very successful. Due to the success of the program, its implementation was expanded to Geometry and Algebra II. This research focused on the implementation of Cognitive Tutor Geometry Curriculum in eight schools in Iowa. The purpose of this study was to develop a case study evaluation of eight schools. Significant gains in student growth were observed in all the participating schools. Geometry teachers from all participating schools were interviewed for the study to gain teachers\u27 perspectives about the curriculum. The Cognitive Tutor Geometry textbook was reviewed for coherence, focus and alignment of topics with Iowa Core Curriculum. This study presents both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the Cognitive Tutor Geometry curriculum

A Natural Mouse Model for Neisserial Transmission in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Gonorrhea is considered the second most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by Neisseri

Meeting Report: 2015 Scientific Meeting of the Pan Arab Interventional Radiology Society

The second Annual Scientific Meeting of the Pan Arab Interventional Radiology Society (PAIRS), held March 12-14, 2015, was a step above the inaugural edition, and opened new concepts for development

Distance Aware Relaying Energy-efficient: DARE to Monitor Patients in Multi-hop Body Area Sensor Networks

In recent years, interests in the applications of Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) is noticeably developed. WBASN is playing a significant role to get the real time and precise data with reduced level of energy consumption. It comprises of tiny, lightweight and energy restricted sensors, placed in/on the human body, to monitor any ambiguity in body organs and measure various biomedical parameters. In this study, a protocol named Distance Aware Relaying Energy-efficient (DARE) to monitor patients in multi-hop Body Area Sensor Networks (BASNs) is proposed. The protocol operates by investigating the ward of a hospital comprising of eight patients, under different topologies by positioning the sink at different locations or making it static or mobile. Seven sensors are attached to each patient, measuring different parameters of Electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse rate, heart rate, temperature level, glucose level, toxins level and motion. To reduce the energy consumption, these sensors communicate with the sink via an on-body relay, affixed on the chest of each patient. The body relay possesses higher energy resources as compared to the body sensors as, they perform aggregation and relaying of data to the sink node. A comparison is also conducted conducted with another protocol of BAN named, Mobility-supporting Adaptive Threshold-based Thermal-aware Energy-efficient Multi-hop ProTocol (M-ATTEMPT). The simulation results show that, the proposed protocol achieves increased network lifetime and efficiently reduces the energy consumption, in relative to M-ATTEMPT protocol.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc

Non-Invasive Induction Link Model for Implantable Biomedical Microsystems: Pacemaker to Monitor Arrhythmic Patients in Body Area Networks

In this paper, a non-invasive inductive link model for an Implantable Biomedical Microsystems (IBMs) such as, a pacemaker to monitor Arrhythmic Patients (APs) in Body Area Networks (BANs) is proposed. The model acts as a driving source to keep the batteries charged, inside a device called, pacemaker. The device monitors any drift from natural human heart beats, a condition of arrythmia and also in turn, produces electrical pulses that create forced rhythms that, matches with the original normal heart rhythms. It constantly sends a medical report to the health center to keep the medical personnel aware of the patient's conditions and let them handle any critical condition, before it actually happens. Two equivalent models are compared by carrying the simulations, based on the parameters of voltage gain and link efficiency. Results depict that the series tuned primary and parallel tuned secondary circuit achieves the best results for both the parameters, keeping in view the constraint of coupling co-efficient (k), which should be less than a value \emph{0.45} as, desirable for the safety of body tissues.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc

THE-FAME: THreshold based Energy-efficient FAtigue MEasurment for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks using Multiple Sinks

Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) is a technology employed mainly for patient health monitoring. New research is being done to take the technology to the next level i.e. player's fatigue monitoring in sports. Muscle fatigue is the main cause of player's performance degradation. This type of fatigue can be measured by sensing the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles. Excess of lactic acid makes muscles feel lethargic. Keeping this in mind we propose a protocol \underline{TH}reshold based \underline{E}nergy-efficient \underline{FA}tigue \underline{ME}asurement (THE-FAME) for soccer players using WBASN. In THE-FAME protocol, a composite parameter has been used that consists of a threshold parameter for lactic acid accumulation and a parameter for measuring distance covered by a particular player. When any parameters's value in this composite parameter shows an increase beyond threshold, the players is declared to be in a fatigue state. The size of battery and sensor should be very small for the sake of players' best performance. These sensor nodes, implanted inside player's body, are made energy efficient by using multiple sinks instead of a single sink. Matlab simulation results show the effectiveness of THE-FAME.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc

The Use of Bio-Inks and the Era of Bioengineering and Tooth Regeneration

Objective: To review existing literature and provide an update on the current use of Bio-Inks and potential future use. Material and Methods: A MeSH keyword search was conducted to find out relevant articles for this short review. Results: Bio inks used in 3D printing grafting require various properties essential for the selection. Combining multiple methods and improved properties is essential for developing successful bio-inks for 3D grafting of functional tissues and tooth pulp regeneration from stem cells. To date, researchers have made many efforts to grow teeth based on stem cells and inculcate regeneration of teeth along with surrounding tissues like alveolar bones and periodontal ligaments. Conclusion: 3D printing with Bio-Inks requires strict adherence to safety protocols for successful outcomes, making it difficult to employ this routinely