MPS simulation of natural convection with internal heating in a cavity

For the stable melting of the high temperature molten glass beyond 1200 degree Celsius, fluid motion and thermal energy balance due to the natural convection are the most important phenomena to control the state of the molten materials and blending process of the particulate materials. In the present study, the numerical simulation of natural convection flow by the conductive heat transfer in a rectangular cavity was investigated. Moreover the effect of the internal heating such as Joule heating was considered and compared, which was used in the engineering field of the development of the glass melting method for vitrified high-level radioactive waste. For the numerical analysis of the aforementioned flow field, the moving particle semi-implicit method was employed to predict the velocity distribution of the fluid flows as well as the temperature distribution. Mass, momentum and energy equation was used. Boussinesq approximation was applied to estimate the buoyancy force. Since the particle method we used is the meshless method, it is easy to compute the flow with free surface as well as the throwing of the additional fluid particles into the cavity. In the numerical analysis, Rayleigh number with internal heating was varied to compare the fluid behaviour, spatial distribution of temperature and the velocity magnitude of the downward plume

Farming in Fishing Communities in Japan: Case Study in the Sanriku Region

Farming in fishing communities has been little investigated in Japan up to now. Agriculture and fisheries are sectionalized and treated as different industries, and the farming situations in fishing households have not been studied statistically since 2003. This paper investigates farming in fishing communities (fishing-cum-farming households). Two methods used in the study. They are census analysis and survey analysis by picking up Sanriku Region, Japan. The results show that, fishing-cum- farming households were more than 80% of farming households in 1968. By 2003, the percentages had decreased to 15% and below. For fishing-cum-farming households, whether one owns paddy fields or not is significant because rice has been the dominant staple food in Japan. It was fortunate for fishermen to live in communities where paddies could be cultivated, but paddy fields were owned by a limited number of households. The total area of paddy fields increased as the northern limit of paddy production was extended

Symmetry Breaking in Bose-Einstein Condensates

A gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) offers an ideal testing ground for studying symmetry breaking, because a trapped BEC system is in a mesoscopic regime, and situations exist under which symmetry breaking may or may not occur. Investigating this problem can explain why mean-field theories have been so successful in elucidating gaseous BEC systems and when many-body effects play a significant role. We substantiate these ideas in four distinct situations: namely, soliton formation in attractive BECs, vortex nucleation in rotating BECs, spontaneous magnetization in spinor BECs, and spin texture formation in dipolar BECs.Comment: Submitted to the proceedings of International Conference on Atomic Physics 200

Discrepancy in tidal deformability of GW170817 between the Advanced LIGO twin detectors

We find that the Hanford and Livingston detectors of Advanced LIGO derive a distinct posterior probability distribution of binary tidal deformability tilde{Lambda} of the first binary-neutron-star merger GW170817. By analyzing public data of GW170817 with a nested-sampling engine and the default TaylorF2 waveform provided by the LALInference package, the probability distribution of the binary tidal deformability derived by the LIGO-Virgo detector network turns out to be determined dominantly by the Hanford detector. Specifically, by imposing the flat prior on tidal deformability of individual stars, symmetric 90% credible intervals of tilde{Lambda} are estimated to be 527^{+619}_{-345} with the Hanford detector, 927^{+522}_{-619} with the Livingston detector, and 455^{+668}_{-281} with the LIGO-Virgo detector network. Furthermore, the distribution derived by the Livingston detector changes irregularly when we vary the maximum frequency of the data used in the analysis. This feature is not observed for the Hanford detector. While they are all consistent, the discrepancy and irregular behavior suggest that an in-depth study of noise properties might improve our understanding of GW170817 and future events.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, matched to the published versio

Enhanced visualization of the portal vein system in superior mesenteric arterial portography using prostaglandin E1.

The portal vein system was clearly visualized in superior mesenteric arterial portography using prostaglandin E1. Angiographic examination was performed in 68 patients with various liver diseases during the 2 year period from 1980 to 1981. Twenty microgram of prostaglandin E1 was injected into the superior mesenteric artery 30 seconds before injection of 60 ml of contrast medium. The main portal vein was visualized in all of 68 cases. A high rate of success for visualization of the intrahepatic portal vein system by prostaglandin E1 was achieved. The first branches of the intrahepatic portal vein were visualized in 100% of the cases, the second branches in 82%, the third branches in 44%, and the fourth branches in 4% in the right portal vein system. In the left portal vein system, the first branches were visualized in 87%, the second branches in 41%, and the third branches in 3% of the cases. The intrahepatic portal vein system was more clearly visualized in females than in males (P less than 0.05). This procedure is simple, safe and useful for clear visualization of the portal vein system.</p

AJK2011-21015 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCALAR FIELD IN A TURBULENT LIQUID JET AND A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE MICRO SCALE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS BY THE OPTICAL FIBER LIF METHOD

ABSTRACT In this study, the characteristics of the scalar field in an axisymmetric turbulent water jet are investigated experimentally. In the experiments, the axial velocity, the concentration of the dye solution and the temperature of the fluid are measured by the hot-film probe, the fiber sensor and the cold-firm probe, respectively. In particular, the difference of statistics between scalars (concentration and temperature) with the different molecular diffusion coefficients is discussed. The Schmidt number of the diffusing matter is 3,800, and the Prandtl number of temperature is 7. As regarding the mean values, the r.m.s values and distribution of PDF, we cannot find any difference between the concentration field and temperature field. However, in the spectrum, it is found that the temperature spectrum shows the -5/3 law almost in the same range as the velocity spectrum, on the other hand, the concentration spectrum shows the -5/3 law in the wider range than the velocity spectrum. This means that the shape of spectrum depends on the diffusion coefficient. In order to make the higher resolution measurement of concentration, a new optical probe based on the LIF method is designed. This probe consists of the two optical fibers, the tip of which is processed like the shape of a lens. By the effect of lens, the laser beam can be focused on the narrower area in comparison with the past LIF measurements. In the present design, the width of focus of laser beam is set to 0.6 micrometers, and the focal length is set to 7.3mm. It is shown that this probe has the resolution less than the Batchelor scale at in the condition of present jet diffusion field (d=4mm, Re=20,000). Further, a new system to adjust the position of the optic fiber probe exquisitely is developed. INTRODUCTION There are many practical problems in the industrial and natural flow fields that the diffusing matter are mixed. In this study, we pay a special attention to the diffusion fields of scalars (concentration and temperature) in the turbulent liquid jet. In the liquid phase, it is usually known that the Schmidt number of the diffusing matter (or the Prandtl number in case of temperature) is larger than 1, so that the scalar fields have been crucially influenced by the velocity field. In this case, it is useful to investigate the relations between the velocity and scalar statistics to understand the mixing process of the scalar in the turbulent liquid flows. With regard to the measurements of high Schmidt number matter, the concentrations of the fluorescent dye or the kalium chloride have been often measured by Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) method or the electrode method. However seeing the past reports, in case of the flows with the mean shear, there are still large scattering of the data for the scalar statistics, and so the reliable turbulent statistics are keenly required. On the other hand, the similarity theory of turbulent scalar field shows that for the scalar field of high Schmidt number and high Reynolds number, there exist the statistical universal ranges called the &quot;viscous convective subrange&quot; and the &quot;viscous diffusive subrange&quot; in the space smaller than the Kolmogorov scale (which is the smallest velocity fluctuatio

Monoclonal antibody to galactosylceramide: discrimination of structural difference in the ceramide moiety

AbstractA mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed against monohexaosylceramide. This mAb differentially reacted on thin-layer chromatograms with 3 types of galactosylceramide (GalCer) obtained from bovine brain. Structural analysis of the 3 glycolipids revealed that they consisted of the same galactose and sphingosine but of apparently different fatty acids. Among the 3 GalCers, the mAb reacted with two GalCers which contained α-hydroxy fatty acids, but not with GalCer composed of nonhydroxy fatty acids. These findings suggest not only that the mAb discriminated the fatty acid composition in the ceramide moiety of GalCer, but also that the ceramide structure defines the immunological epitope as it is known to do for the carbohydrate moiety of glycosphingolipid

Clinical Study in 11 Cases of Endobronchial Foreign Body

We report 11 cases of endobronchial foreign body. From January 1982 through December 1994, a total of 11 cases were diagnosed roentogenographically and bronchoscopically at our hospital. These patients consisted of 10 men and 1 woman with a mean age of 58.5 years (range 33 to 77 years). Symptoms on presenting were usually cough, sputum, or chest pain. The foreign bodies were inorganic in 10 cases and of organic origin in 1 case. Three patients were not aware that they had aspirated a foreign body. In 9 patients, the endobronchial foreign bodies were successfully removed endoscopically. One patient spontaneously expectorated the foreign body before bronchoscopy. One patient underwent thoracotomy because the foreign body could not be removed bronchoscopically. There were no severe complications during or after the endoscopic removal of the foreign bodies, but in one patient extraction of the foreign body caused pneumonia after bronchoscopy. In conclusion, flexible bronchoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of endobronchial foreign bodies