Designing Warning Interfaces causing Discomfort for Awareness of Risks: Revisited

Making users aware of the risk by giving them a sense of discomfort and helping them not to access dangerous sites is crucial. Thus, we focus on developing a warning interface, causing discomfort, allowing smartphone users to be aware of danger and risks. We studied discomfort feelings while using smartphones and extracted five discomfort factors from a questionnaire survey and factor analysis. We implemented a prototype of warning interfaces for web browsing on a smartphone considering five factors. In the experiments, we have found that three factors out of the five, namely, “Unintended operation or display,” “Sudden changes,” and “Understanding of the application,” are significant for risk awareness, while the other two are not. This paper reports on the findings of the study

ガクガンメン リョウイキ ニオケル コツチユ ニ タイスル テイシュツリョク チョウオンパ パルス ショウシャ ノ シヨウ ケイケン

Fracture healing has traditionally been thought to be a naturally optimized process with predetermined time-course for bone metabolism, and no one had had an idea that fracture healing may be manipulated to occur at a faster rate. In 1980s, the use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was demonstrated with a significant promotion of bone healing and LIPUS has been used extensively for bone fractures in the limbs. On the other hand, the effectiveness of LIPUS for maxillofacial bone fractures has not been studied yet. In clinical orthodontics, there are many cases closely related to bone healing: the traumatic bone fracture in maxillofacial region, the osteotomy of jaw deformity, and the bone grafting in to alveolar cleft. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefit of LIPUS to the acceleration of maxillofacial bone healing. Thirty-five patients received LIPUS after surgery served as subjects. Of total subjects, 11 patients had surgery for maxillofacial bone fracture fixation, 7 patients with jaw deformity had orthognathic surgery, and 17 patients affected by cleft lip and palate underwent alveolar cleft bone grafting. Five-seven days after surgery, the patient received 15 minutes of LIPUS (BR sonic-pro, ITO Co., Tokyo, Japan) per day for 14 days. A LIPUS signal was transmitted at a frequency of 1.0 MHz with a spatial-average intensity of 160 mW and pulsed 1: 4. In addition, we used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and simple radiographs and computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of the bone healing. In most cases, pain disappeared within one week after surgery. In the patients with bone fracture fixation or jaw osteotomy, bone healing was validated by plain radiographs and/or CT taken at 3 months after surgery, leading to stable occlusion. In the cases with alveolar bone grafting, early bone formation was observed from CT taken at 3 months after surgery. In addition, the catabolic effects of LIPUS exposure were not found at all. In conclusion, LIPUS application might involve in acceleration of maxillofacial bone healing after surgery. Therefore, LIPUS may be a promising therapeutic tool for bone healing in maxillofacial region

A case of lip edema caused by the accidental ingestion of a bar of soap

Abstract The most common symptom following the accidental ingestion of a soap is lip edema. Although most cases are asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms, in some cases, aspiration pneumonia, oropharyngeal edema, and bronchial obstruction may be fatal

Analysis of Discomfort Factors in Smartphone Use

We are facing security threats over the Internet that users are not aware of, such as malware infection as well as unauthorized access. We look into user interfaces which cause discomfort so that users can be more aware of security risks. Despite of our efforts on security protections, risk to encounter dangers is increasing by use of smartphones. This paper reports our research progress on discomfort factors with use of smartphones; we conducted a questionnaire survey and found factors that are supposed to cause discomfort when using smartphones obtained from the results of exploratory factor analysis. Through exploratory factor analysis, we came up with five factors that contribute to the discomfort feeling. In addition, we describe the verification results of the difference for each factor according to smartphone OSs (iOS/Android) and the smartphone usage period

Whole lung lavage decreases physiological dead space in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: two case reports

Abstract Background Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by progressive accumulation of the alveolar surfactant. Whole lung lavage (WLL) using a high volume of warmed saline remains the standard therapy. However, no established bedside monitoring tool can evaluate the physiological effect of WLL in the perioperative period. Indirect calorimetry, which is generally used to measure resting energy expenditure, can detect carbon dioxide (CO2) production and mixed-expired partial pressure of CO2 breath by breath. In this physiological study, we calculated CO2 elimination per breath (VTCO2,br) and Enghoff’s dead space using indirect calorimetry and measured the extravascular lung water index to reveal the effect of WLL. Case presentation We measured VTCO2,br, Enghoff’s dead space, and the extravascular lung water and cardiac indices before and after WLL to assess the reduction in shunt by washing out the surfactant. A total of four WLLs were performed in two PAP patients. The first case involved an Asian 62-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of dyspnea on exertion. The second case involved an Asian 48-year-old woman with no symptoms. VTCO2,br increased, and the Enghoff’s dead space decreased at 12 h following WLL. An increase in the extravascular lung water was detected immediately following WLL, leading to a transient increase in Enghoff’s dead space. Conclusion WLL can increase efficient alveolar ventilation by washing out the accumulated surfactant. However, the lavage fluid may be absorbed into the lung tissues immediately after WLL and result in an increase in the extravascular lung water

Aneurysm Infection Caused by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

An 84-year-old man in Japan who had undergone endovascular aortic repair 9 years earlier had an infected aneurysm develop. We detected Desulfovibrio desulfuricans MB at the site. The patient recovered after surgical debridement, artificial vessel replacement, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Clinicians should suspect Desulfovibrio spp. infection in similar cases

Additional file 1 of Whole lung lavage decreases physiological dead space in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: two case reports

Additional file 1: Table S1. CO2 data for the calculation of Enghoff's dead space and VTCO2,br at each timepoint