Additional file 1 of Aspartyl protease in the secretome of honey bee trypanosomatid parasite contributes to infection of bees

Additional file 1. List of 9339 L. passim annotated proteins

Figure 2

<p>Organization of the honey bee JO. (A) TEM picture of the honey bee JO is shown. The morphology and positions of the cuticular knob (1), epithelial cell (2), quasi-longitudinal section of long sensory processes (3), quasi-transverse section of scolopidia (4), soft chitin (5), pedicel (P), and flagellum (F) are indicated. (B) The summary of the ultrastructural analysis of the honey bee JO is shown. At the joint of the pedicel (P) and flagellum (F), the cuticle is organized in a complex pattern of radial fibrils (horizontal lines), with circular fibrils surrounding the cuticular “knobs” (K) to which the scolopidia are attached. There are approximately 48 knobs evenly distributed around the circumference of the flagellum at its joint with the pedicel. Epithelial cells (EC; blue) exhibit extensive apical microvilli, likely for the copious secretion of cuticle proteins. The epithelial cell cytoplasm is filled with spongiform membranous organelles, likely also reflecting high secretion levels. Each cuticular knob is the attachment site of 3–10 scolopidia. Each scolopidium forms an independent dendritic cap (red), and these are surrounded by cap cells (CC) which enclose electron dense rods (green) that are thick apically but divide more basally into multiple finer rods. The scolopale cell (SC) of each scolopidium forms a spindle-shaped cage of scolopale rods (organe) and encloses an extracellular scolopale space (ss), through which the ciliary outer dendritic segments of three neurons (N) extend. Morphologically, honey bee JO scolopidia are amphinematic, containing cilia of both Types I and II (see classification described in ref. 30). The two Type I cilia are of uniform diameter, contain an axoneme along their entire length, and attach to the basal end of the dendritic cap; the single Type II cilium contains an axonemal segment up to the dendritic cap, then a wider non-axonemal segment with loose microtubules that continues throughout the length of the dendritic cap. Basally, there are accessory cells (AC) of uncertain classification. The structure of the honey bee JO is consistent with a sensory function for flagellar vibration.</p

The number of ortholog losses correlates with the rate of amino acid substitutions

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Quantification of ortholog losses in insects and vertebrates"</p><p>http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/11/R242</p><p>Genome Biology 2007;8(11):R242-R242.</p><p>Published online 16 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2258195.</p><p></p> The number of orthologous group (U, N, P, I/V) losses normalized with the total size of the fraction is plotted versus the branch length of the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree (Figure 1). All ortholog types combined; U and N orthologs; Patchy orthologs; Insect- and vertebrate-specific orthologs. Filled symbols denote vertebrates and open symbols denote insects. Spearman rank correlations: U orthologs, rs = 0.79, = 0.015; N orthologs, rs = 0.67, = 0.05; P orthologs, rs = 0.90, < 0.01; I/V orthologs, rs = 0.83, < 0.01. Regression slopes for U and N are not statistically different. Anc, ancestral

Figure 8

<p>The age-dependent response of honey bee JO neurons to acoustic stimuli. (A) Representative time traces of SEPs of 0, 3, 6, 11 and 21 day old bees (the 21 day old bees are foragers (21F)) in response to 500 Hz pulse and “waggle dance” sound stimuli are shown. Each SEP is the averaged response of 10 trials in a single antenna. Note the vertical scale is 1 mV. (B) Bar graph of 10-trial SEP magnitudes obtained with 265 Hz continuous sound stimuli at 7 mm/s air particle velocity for N = 5 antennae per treatment. Error bars indicate standard error. (C) The time traces of flagellar vibrations of 0 day old bees (Day 0) and 21 day old foragers (21F) in response to 500 Hz pulse and “waggle dance” sound stimuli are shown. Each vibration velocity shown is the averaged response of 10 trials in a single antenna. The vertical scales of the velocity to 500 Hz pulse and “waggle dance” sound stimuli are 0.25 and 1 mm/s, respectively. (D) Bar graph shows the mean vibration magnitudes in response to 265 Hz continuous sound stimuli at 7 mm/s air particle velocity. Error bars indicate standard error.</p

Figure 3

<p>Simultaneous measurements of the flagellar vibration velocity and the particle velocity of the surrounding air. Experimental arrangement in top and lateral views is shown. The laser doppler vibrometer (LDV), the honey bee antenna, and the sound tube were linearly aligned along with the optical axis of the LDV as shown. The vibrometer was positioned at 31 cm away from the flagellum. Sound stimuli are delivered through a Tygon tube ending in a 7 mm opening close to the honey bee. The dashed line indicates the hemispherical zone where full near-field acoustic conditions are maintained. The scanning probe to measure the particle velocity of the surrounding air was positioned at 2 mm away from the flagellum. The probe head was aligned perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation. The joints between head and scape as well as scape and pedicel were fixed with glue to prevent the antennal movements by muscle. The spot position of laser beam was fixed at the tip of the flagellum. All items are not in scale.</p

RAD tag (SgrAI) derived SNPs from Bombus impatiens

RAD tag (SgrAI) derived SNPs from Bombus impatiens from Sadd et al. (2015) "The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organisation