Standard and Non-standard Employment in Russia: How Large is the Wage Gap?

The paper examines incidence and earnings of non-standard workers in Russia. We focus on two main types of non-standard arrangements: non-permanent and part-time employment. First we identify determinants of incidence of these types of non-standard employment and find out that such personal characteristics as education level, age and marital status have strong impact on it. Secondly we explore wage differentials between permanent and non-permanent and full-time and part-time employees and demonstrate that the observed wage gap went down substantially when we apply advanced econometric techniques and control for various other factors. The analysis was done with the help of large-scale representative data set Household Survey of Welfare, conducted by Rosstat and World Bank in 2003.

Temporary employment in Russia: why mostly men?

The paper deals with temporary employment on the Russian labour market. The main focus is the gender differences of determinants for being temporary employed in Russia. The puzzle here is that Russia is completely different from European countries where women are most likely to have temporary work. The general question for the paper is why? The household survey of NOBUS (held in 2003 by State statistical centre with World Bank participation) is used to answer the question. The results of the survey prove that gender differences for the probability of temporary employment do exist and the main factors that explain these differences are education and marital status.temporary employment, gender, determinants of the probability, decomposition for gender differences

Navigating COVID-19: Female Ph.D. Students Coping with Family, Academic, and Job Duties

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, many governments introduced lockdown measures in which people were expected to work and study from their homes. Schools, daycares, and extracurricular programs were temporarily closed. All students from primary to the post-graduate level were transferred to online learning. This shift added a tremendous burden and additional workload for parents who were supposed to combine their own work and supervision of the online studies of their children from home. Recent research confirmed that women took more responsibilities for household chores and care of children during the pandemic. We conducted a study on female doctoral students because women in this demographic tend to have families by that age, pursue their graduate studies, and are often involved in full-time and part-time jobs to contribute to their family income. We suggest that the gender equality sustainable development goal can be achieved through doctoral education, opportunities for combining academic careers with family responsibilities to women; and the support of women in the knowledge-based economy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore female Ph.D. students\u27 lived experiences under the pressure of the pandemic and investigate the main strategies of coping with the multiple duties they had. This case study applies a qualitative methodology, interpretative phenomenological approach. The data source is the in-depth semi-structured interviews with six female Ph.D. students who comprised a homogenous and purposeful sample as they shared the same experience

Arbeitslosigkeit in Russland: Entwicklungen nach der Krise von 2008

Der russische Arbeitsmarkt ist gekennzeichnet durch eine relative niedrige Arbeitslosenquote. Diese liegt mittlerweile mit 6,5% wieder auf dem Stand von vor der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise. Eine Ursache hierfür ist, dass der Staat mit speziellen Anti-Krisen-Gesetzen die Möglichkeiten zur Entlassung von Arbeitnehmern einschränkte, so dass Arbeitgeber gezwungen waren, mit Kurzarbeit und verzögerten Gehaltszahlungen zu reagieren. Gleichzeitig gibt es in der russischen Gesellschaft soziale Gruppen, die weit überdurchschnittlich von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Entwicklung und Struktur der Arbeitslosigkeit in Russland. Im Anschluss an den Beitrag folgt ein Grafikteil mit statistischen Daten

Lebenszufriedenheit in Russland: Erklärungsfaktoren und Entwicklung

Der Beitrag stellt die Entwicklung des subjektiven Wohlbefindens der russischen Bevölkerung von den 1990er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart dar. Es zeigt sich ein beispielloser Einbruch bei der Lebenszufriedenheit in der Gesellschaft im Zuge der Krise der 1990er Jahre sowie die langsame Verbesserung mit dem anschließend einsetzenden Wirtschaftswachstum. Der anhaltende Anstieg des nationalen Glücksniveaus nach der Wirtschaftskrise von 2008 lässt sich durch Faktoren wie nationaler Stolz und Religiosität erklären.

Arbeitslosigkeit in Russland: Struktur und Dynamik während der globalen Wirtschaftskrise

Die Arbeitslosigkeit ist in Russland im Zuge der globalen Wirtschaftskrise nur vergleichsweise moderat gestiegen. Mit 9 % liegt die Arbeitslosenquote derzeit weniger als drei Prozentpunkte über ihrem letzten Tiefststand und ist auch im internationalen Vergleich relativ niedrig. Entgegen der Prognose vieler Experten hat sich der russische Arbeitsmarkt damit als krisenresistent erwiesen und die befürchteten sozialen Folgen sind größtenteils ausgeblieben. Beachtet werden muss aber auch, dass in einzelnen Regionen, vor allem im Nordkaukasus und in Monostädten, und für einzelne soziale Gruppen, vor allem Jugendliche mit geringem Bildungsniveau, Arbeitslosigkeit ein immenses soziales Problem darstellt

Migration and public trust in the commonwealth of independent states

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space has seen regional integration in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The CIS while moribund has affected migration in the post-Soviet space. Despite its persistence and effect on migration, few studies have sought to explore public perceptions towards the CIS. We address this limitation by developing several arguments, anchored on the literature on public opinion and European integration, to explain how perceptions towards migrants and employment status affect public trust in the CIS. Our analyses make use of the sixth wave of the World Values Survey that includes seven CIS member-states and finds strong support for our hypotheses. Our contribution lies in the investigation of public attitudes in a non-EU setting while applying arguments from EU literature and the wide coverage of our study compared to the extant literature on the CIS and public opinion

Job Stability and Fertility Intentions of Young Adults in Europe: Does Labor Market Legislation Matter?

Birth rates have declined dramatically in many European countries during the last 40 years. Postponed marriages and delays in childbirth resulting from the global changes in values can only partially explain this decline. A main reason for the decline is the rise in job and income instability caused by labor market polarization. The growth of flexible market relations increased the uncertainty and job instability that are crucial to childbirth planning for young adults. This paper aims to disclose the impact of job instability on the fertility intentions of young European adults by focusing on employment protection legislation (EPL). The empirical analysis is grounded in European Social Survey data of 2004 and 2010 for 27 countries. The results of the multilevel modeling show that job instability measured as temporary employment, informal work, and unemployment decrease fertility intentions. Unemployed young adults plan less for having their first child under a rigid labor market system. Unexpectedly, temporary and informally employed young people decrease their fertility intentions in countries with low EPL rates.27 p

Temporary employment in Russia: why mostly men?

The paper deals with temporary employment in the Russian labour market. The main focus is the gender difference regarding determinants of temporary employment. Unlike most European countries, where women are more likely to have temporary work, in Russia men predominantly have this status, comparable to the situation in many developing countries. This paper seeks to understand why this is the case. The household survey of NOBUS (held in 2003 by State Statistical Centre with World Bank participation) is used to answer this question: the results suggest that gender differences in temporary employment do exist, and that the main factors that explain these differences are education, and marital status