12 research outputs found
Zastosowanie infuzyjnego schematu chemioterapii DA-EPOCH w leczeniu chłoniaków agresywnych
WstępStandardowe leczenie chłoniaków nie-Hodgkinowskich (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL) oparte jest na stosowanym od ponad 30 lat schemacie CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). W przypadku niektórych podtypów NHL, wyniki leczenia schematami CHOP-podobnymi są niewystarczające lub wymagają zastosowania uzupełniającej radioterapii. W latach 90-tych XX wieku wprowadzono do praktyki schematy leczenia polegające na podawaniu cytostatyków w długotrwałych wlewach i dawkach dostosowanych do parametrów farmakodynamicznych.Celem pracy było przedstawienie doświadczenia jednego ośrodka w stosowaniu schematu DA-EPOCH (dose adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) w leczeniu NHL. Materiały i metodyPoddano obserwacji 13 chorych leczonych z powodu trzech różnych podtypów NHL: pierwotnego chłoniaka śródpiersia, chloniaka „szarej strefy“ oraz anaplastycznego chłoniaka z dużych limfocytów T. Chory z NHL z komórek T otrzymał schemat DA-EPOCH, chorzy z NHL B-komórkowymi DA-EPOCH z dodatkiem rituximabu. Ocenę odpowiedzi przeprowadzono metodą pozytonowej tomografii emisyjnej. WynikiW okresie 22 miesięcy podano łącznie 94 cykle DA-EPOCH (+/-R). U wszystkich pacjentów w czasie leczenia zaobserwowano neutropenię poniżej 0,5 G/l. Spośród 13 pacjentów, u 12 oceniono odpowiedź po zakończeniu leczenia. Całkowitą odpowiedź metaboliczną uzyskano u 9 chorych, a u 2 odpowiedź częściową. Całkowity odsetek odpowiedzi wyniósł 91%. U 1 pacjentki zaobserwowano progresję NHL. Obserwowano nieznaczną toksyczność leczenia, głównie hematologiczną. Nie zaobserwowano zgonów związanych z chemioterapią. WnioskiZebrane doświadczenia pozwalają uznać schemat DA-EPOCH za bezpieczny, skuteczny i łatwy do stosowania w warunkach oddziału szpitalnego
Plerixafor for patients who fail cytokine-or chemotherapy-based stem cell mobilization: Results of a prospective study by the Polish Lymphoma Research Group (PLRG)
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) requires collection of sufficient number of hematopoietic stem cells. The goal of this study was to evaluate efficacy of plerixafor used in patients with lymphoid malignancies failing conventional stem cell mobilization.This was a prospective, non-interventional study. All consecutive patients (n = 109) treated with plerixafor in 11 centers were reported. The drug was used either in case of previous mobilization failure (n = 67) or interventionally, in case of insufficient CD34 cell output during current mobilization (n = 42). Successful mobilization was defined as resulting in collection of ≥ 2 × 10 CD34 cells/kg for single autoHSCT or ≥ 4 × 10 CD34 cells/kg for double procedure.The overall rate of successful mobilization was 55% (55% for single and 56% for double autoHSCT). The median total number of collected CD34 cells/kg was 2.4 (range, 0-11.5) for patients intended for a single transplantation while 4.0 (0.6-16.9) for double procedure. The number of circulating CD34 cells increased after the use of plerixafor regardless of baseline values. The median fold increase was 3.3 (0.3-155). Data from this observational study confirm high efficacy of plerixafor used in routine clinical practice as salvage for patients with lymphoid malignancies failing conventional stem cell mobilization
Genetically determined telomere length and multiple myeloma risk and outcome
This work was partially supported by intramural funds of Univerity of Pisa and
DKFZ; by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (Madrid, Spain) [PI12/02688 to J.
S., PI17/02276 to J.S.]; by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by FEDER funds
—a way to build Europe—[PI14-00613 to V.M.] and by Agency for
Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Catalan
Government (Barcelona, Spain) [2017SGR723 to V.M.]. Open Access funding
enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Telomeres are involved in processes like cellular growth, chromosomal stability, and proper segregation to daughter cells. Telomere length measured in leukocytes (LTL) has been investigated in different cancer types, including multiple myeloma (MM). However, LTL measurement is prone to heterogeneity due to sample handling and study design (retrospective vs. prospective). LTL is genetically determined; genome-wide association studies identified 11 SNPs that, combined in a score, can be used as a genetic instrument to measure LTL and evaluate its association with MM risk. This approach has been already successfully attempted in various cancer types but never in MM. We tested the "teloscore" in 2407 MM patients and 1741 controls from the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMeNSE) consortium. We observed an increased risk for longer genetically determined telomere length (gdTL) (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.36-2.11; P = 2.97 x 10(-6) for highest vs. lowest quintile of the score). Furthermore, in a subset of 1376 MM patients we tested the relationship between the teloscore and MM patients survival, observing a better prognosis for longer gdTL compared with shorter gdTL (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.86-0.99; P = 0.049). In conclusion, we report convincing evidence that longer gdTL is a risk marker for MM risk, and that it is potentially involved in increasing MM survival.Univerity of PisaHelmholtz AssociationInstituto de Salud Carlos III
PI12/02688
PI17/02276Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean CommissionFEDER funds-a way to build Europe
PI14-00613Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Catalan Government (Barcelona, Spain)
2017SGR723Projekt DEA
In Silico Designed Gain-of-Function Variants of Complement C2 Support Cytocidal Activity of Anticancer Monoclonal Antibodies
The molecular target for the classical complement pathway (CP) is defined by surface-bound immunoglobulins. Therefore, numerous anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exploit the CP as their effector mechanism. Conversely, the alternative complement pathway (AP) is spontaneously induced on the host and microbial surfaces, but complement inhibitors on host cells prevent its downstream processing. Gain-of-function (GoF) mutations in the AP components that oppose physiological regulation directly predispose carriers to autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Based on the homology between AP and CP components, we modified the CP component C2 so that it emulates the known pathogenic mutations in the AP component, factor B. By using tumor cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells along with a set of clinically approved immunotherapeutics, we showed that the supplementation of serum with recombinant GoF C2 variants not only enhances the cytocidal effect of type I anti-CD20 mAbs rituximab and ofatumumab, but also lowers the threshold of mAbs necessary for the efficient lysis of tumor cells and efficiently exploits the leftovers of the drug accumulated in patients’ sera after the previous infusion. Moreover, we demonstrate that GoF C2 acts in concert with other therapeutic mAbs, such as type II anti-CD20, anti-CD22, and anti-CD38 specimens, for overcoming cancer cells resistance to complement attack
Mutations resulting in the formation of hyperactive complement convertases support cytocidal effect of anti-CD20 immunotherapeutics
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) rituximab and ofatumumab are potent activators of the classical complement pathway, and have been approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, complement exhaustion and overexpression of complement inhibitors by cancer cells diminish their therapeutic potential. The strategies of targeting membrane complement inhibitors by function-blocking antibodies and the supplementation with fresh frozen plasma have been proposed to overcome tumour cell resistance. We present a novel approach, which utilizes gain-of-function variants of complement factor B (FB), a component of alternative C3/C5 convertases, which augment mAb-activated reactions through a positive feedback mechanism called an amplification loop. If complement concentration is limited, an addition of quadruple gain-of-function FB mutant p.D279G p.F286L p.K323E p.Y363A (or selected single mutants) results in significantly increased complement-mediated lysis of ofatumumab-resistant tumour cells, as well as the complete lysis of moderately sensitive cells. Importantly, this effect cannot be achieved by further increasing ofatumumab concentration. Potentiation of cytotoxic effect towards moderately sensitive cells was less apparent at physiological serum concentration. However, an addition of hyperactive FB could compensate the loss of cytotoxic potential of serum collected from the NHL and CLL patients after infusion of rituximab. Residual levels of rituximab in such sera, in combination with added FB, were able to efficiently lyse tumour cells. We suggest that the administration of gain-of-function variants of FB can restore CDC potential of complement-exhausted serum and maximize the therapeutic effect of circulating anti-CD20 mAbs
Monitoring of the Complement System Status in Patients With B-Cell Malignancies Treated With Rituximab
Rituximab is a pioneering anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that became the first-line drug used in immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies over the last twenty years. Rituximab activates the complement system in vitro, but there is an ongoing debate on the exact role of this effector mechanism in therapeutic effect. Results of both in vitro and in vivo studies are model-dependent and preclude clear clinical conclusions. Additional confounding factors like complement inhibition by tumor cells, loss of target antigen and complement depletion due to excessively applied immunotherapeutics, intrapersonal variability in the concentration of main complement components and differences in tumor burden all suggest that a personalized approach is the best strategy for optimization of rituximab dosage and therapeutic schedule. Herein we critically review the existing knowledge in support of such concept and present original data on markers of complement activation, complement consumption, and rituximab accumulation in plasma of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The increase of markers such as C4d and terminal complement complex (TCC) suggest the strongest complement activation after the first administration of rituximab, but not indicative of clinical outcome in patients receiving rituximab in combination with chemotherapy. Both ELISA and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) functional assay showed that a substantial number of patients accumulate rituximab to the extent that consecutive infusions do not improve the cytotoxic capacity of their sera. Our data suggest that individual assessment of CDC activity and rituximab concentration in plasma may support clinicians’ decisions on further drug infusions, or instead prescribing a therapy with anti-CD20 antibodies like obinutuzumab that more efficiently activate effector mechanisms other than complement
High efficacy of BGD (bendamustine, gemcitabine, and dexamethasone) in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
The optimal salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R HL) has not been defined so far. The goal of this multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of BGD (bendamustine, gemcitabine, dexamethasone) as a second or subsequent line of therapy in classical R/R HL. We have evaluated 92 consecutive R/R HL patients treated with BGD. Median age was 34.5 (19–82) years. Fifty-eight patients (63%) had received 2 or more lines of chemotherapy, 32 patients (34.8%) radiotherapy, and 21 patients (22.8%) an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT). Forty-four patients (47.8%) were resistant to first line of chemotherapy. BGD therapy consisted of bendamustine 90 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2, gemcitabine 800 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 4, dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1–4. Median number of BGD cycles was 4 (2–7). The following adverse events ≥ 3 grade were noted: neutropenia (22.8%), thrombocytopenia (20.7%), anemia (15.2%), infections (10.9%), AST/ALT increase (2.2%), and skin rush (1.1%). After BGD therapy, 51 (55.4%) patients achieved complete remission, 23 (25%)—partial response, 7 (7.6%)—stable disease, and 11 (12%) patients experienced progression disease. AutoHCT was conducted in 42 (45.7%) patients after BGD therapy, and allogeneic HCT (alloHCT) in 16 (17.4%) patients. Median progression-free survival was 21 months. BGD is a highly effective, well-tolerated salvage regimen for patients with R/R HL, providing an excellent bridge to auto- or alloHCT