The Efficacy of the Oleic Acid Isolated from Cerbera Manghas L. Seed Against a Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Gestroi Wasmann and a Drywood Termite, Cryptotermes Cynocephalus Light

AbstractThe efforts in establishing sustainable pest management drive termite control not only focus on termite extermination, but also concern on human health and environmental protection. Bioactive compounds isolated from Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) have been reported to have biological activity against insect such as food deterrent, oviposition and growth inhibitor, and also contact poison. The study on efficacy of oleic acid isolated from C. manghas seed extract against subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroiand Drywood termite Cryptotermes cynocephalus has been thoroughly examined. The extraction and separation method yielded ten fractions, with fraction three (F3) as the highest yield. Chemical compound analysis of F3 by Gas Chromatography and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed oleic acid as chemical compound. The bioassay of oleic acid against C. gestroi and C. cynocephalus was evaluated by no-choice feeding test and Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 01-7207-2006 respectively. Oleic acid showed low termicidal activity as it delivered low mortality in both species, and generated lower protection against C. cynocephalus

Effects of dietary variation on lignocellulose degradation and physiological properties of Nicobium hirtum larvae

We investigated the feeding behavior of larvae of the wood-destroying beetle Nicobium hirtum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), an important wood pest in Japan, to determine the effects of dietary variation on lignocellulose degradation and larval growth and survival. Cultured colonies of N. hirtum larvae were fed artificial diets containing various amounts of starch (20, 50, and 80 wt%) mixed with hardwood (Shorea) lignocellulose. The polysaccharide degradation by N. hirtum was determined by chemical analyses of the initial artificial diets and fecal residues collected during the feeding experiment. Starch was preferentially decomposed when the larvae were fed the high-starch diet, whereas the decompositions of cellulose and hemicelluloses were more prominent when the larvae were fed medium- or low-starch diets. The larvae’s size and survival were recorded periodically to determine the diets’ effects on larval development. The survival rates ranged from 60 to 87% and were highest for the larvae fed the medium-starch diet and lowest for those fed the high-starch diet. Body size was highest in the larvae fed the high-starch diet. Fecal size increased along with the larval size increase. Overall, these results suggest that although starch is an essential carbon source for N. hirtum larval growth, lignocellulose also plays a key role as a nutrient that maintains the physiological activities of N. hirtum larvae and enhances their survival

イエシロアリの栄養生理におけるリグニンの役割

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第21157号農博第2283号新制||農||1059(附属図書館)学位論文||H30||N5131(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻(主査)教授 吉村 剛, 教授 髙野 俊幸, 教授 梅澤 俊明学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Insecticide Activity of Cerbera Manghas Fruit Exstract to Sitophilus Oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

It was informed that the fruit extract of Cerbera manghas has antitermic and bio-larvicidal activities. The objective of this research is to study the effect of Cebera manghas fruit extracts on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Dried sample of C. manghas fruit was milled and then extracted with maceration method using methanol. Crude extract was then dried and fractioned into 2 fractions i.e. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate. Three concentration of extracts (i.e. 3, 5, and 7.5%) were applied for bioassay test in the difference baited time (i.e. 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h). The results indicated that n-hexane fraction of C. manghas fruit extract was the most active fraction and it was indicated by the highest mortality of S. oryzae at all concentration. The longer the baited time resulted the higher the mortality of S. oryzae

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Enzim Jamur Humicola sp. Sebagai Biotermitisida Utilization of Humicola sp. Enzyme Extract as Biotermiticide

Fungal spore can be used for biotermiticide, since it has high pathogen properties and environmentally safe. However, the utilization of enzyme extract of fungi can be developed as an alternative way to minimize the impact caused by the spore when they are used as biotermiticide. This research was done to observe the ability of enzyme extract from Humicola sp. The fungus was inoculated in sorghum substrate and grown in it by adding either colloidal chitin or without colloidal chitin to the media as variation of the medium composition. Extraction was done after 3, 5, and 7 days of incubation time. Extract was done by using cold sterilized water (40C). Then the extract kept it at low temperature (40C). Bioassay of extract enzyme was done by spraying and baiting method. Result of the bioassay showed, Humicola sp enzyme extract was grown from medium adding with colloidal chitin and incubation for 7 days give highest mortality of termite increase to 100% after 14th day observation.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) dan Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp Influence of Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) and Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) Extract against Subterranean Termite Coptotermes sp

Subterranean termite especially Coptotermes sp has been spread widely and has caused a tremendous economical loss. Various chemical compounds have been used to overcome termite attack. However, utilization of chemical could endanger the environment, thus it is important to find another compound which can be used as an environmental friendly wood preservatives. One of the alternatives is to extract natural compound which has an anti-insect peculiarity. Fruits, leaves and barks of Bintaro and Kecubung, especially their leaves and flowers have been widely known as traditional medicine. This paper explains the effects of the extracts of Bintaro (leaves and bark) and Kecubung (leaves) on subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp.Leaves and bark powder of Bintaro and leaves powder of Kecubung were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Paper disc which has been dropped by the extract solution was used as bait to subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp. The observation of termite mortality was calculated for every two days during 10 days of observation. The result shows that Bintaro leaves extracted with methanol caused 100% termite mortality on last observation. Whereas on Bintaro bark extracted with n-hexane and acetone caused 100% termite mortality on eighth day of the treatment. Kecubung leaves extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate caused 100% termite mortality on last observatio