Modelling Of Post-Injection Strategies Of Ethanol And Experimental Analysis Of The Use Of Ethanol In The Form Of Dual Fuel And Emulsion In Diesel Engine

In this research, as the first stage, the effects of the ethanol on engine performance and emissions under the fumigation and emulsion method were experimentally investigated under part load and various engine speed conditions. Diesel-ethanol blend containing 5% ethanol by volume was used as the mixture fuel. In the fumigation method, ethanol was used at the same rate and 99.9% purity as the emulsion method. As the second stage, the effects of ethanol post injection on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated in the experimental engine modeled in AVL Boost simulation program and compared with the experimental results. Simulation post injection tests were performed separately after the main injection at 3° CA (P1) and 7° CA (P2). In the experimental studies, NOx emission decreased with the emulsion method (E5) at low and high engine speeds. In post injection strategies, NOx emission in general increased due to improved combustion and increased in-cylinder temperature with P1 (first post injection) and P2 (second post injection) strategies. Soot emission decreased significantly with E5. This improvement in soot emissions was approximately 87% in post injection strategies. © 2021 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 terms and condition

An Experimental Investigation of Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Engines

Ethanol is a promising alternative fuel, due to its renewable biobased origin. Also, it has lower carbon content than diesel fuel and it is oxygenated. For this reason, ethanol is providing remarkable potential to reduce particulate emulsions in compression-ignition engines. In this study, performance of ethanol-diesel blends has been investigated experimentally. Tested fuels were mineral diesel fuel (E0D100), 15% (v/v) ethanol/diesel fuel blend (E15D85), and 30% (v/v) ethanol/diesel fuel blend (E30D70). Firstly, the solubility of ethanol and diesel was experienced. Engine tests were carried out to reveal the performance and emissions of the engine fuelled with the blends. Full load operating conditions at various engine speeds were investigated. Engine brake torque, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and finally exhaust emissions were measured. Performance of the tested engine decreased substantially while improvement on smoke and gaseous emissions makes ethanol blend favorable

Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. Expensive after-treatment technologies to fulfil normative legislations about the harmful tail-pipe emissions and fuel price increase in recent years created expectations from researchers for alternative fuel applications on diesel engines. This study investigates hydrogen as additive fuel in diesel engines. Hydrogen was introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors as additive fuel in gaseous form and also diesel fuel was injected into cylinder by diesel injector and used as igniter. Energy content of introduced hydrogen was set to 0%, 25% and 50% of total fuel energy, where the 0% references neat diesel operation without hydrogen injection. Test conditions were set to full load at 750, 900, 1100, 1400, 1750 and finally 2100 r/min engine speed. Variation in engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with hydrogen addition was investigated. Hydrogen introduction into the engine by 25% and 50% of total charge energy reveals significant decrease in smoke emissions while dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. With increasing hydrogen content, a slight rise is observed in total unburned hydrocarbons although CO 2 and CO gaseous emissions reduced considerably. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure and rate of heat release peak values raised with hydrogen fraction

Effect of the use of natural gas–diesel fuel mixture on performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine

A compression ignition engine with a mechanical fuel system was converted into common rail fuel system by means of a self-developed electronic control unit. The engine was modified to be operated with mixtures of diesel and natural gas fuels in dual-fuel mode. Then, diesel fuel was injected into the cylinder while natural gas was injected into intake manifold with both injectors controlled with the electronic control unit. Energy content of the sprayed gas fuel was varied in the amounts of 0% (only diesel fuel), 15%, 40%, and 75% of total fuel’s energy content. All tests were carried out at constant engine speed of 1500 r/min at full load. In addition to the experiments, the engine was modeled with a one-dimensional commercial software. The experimental and numerical results were compared and found to be in reasonable agreement with each other. Both NO x and soot emissions were dropped with 15% and 40%, respectively, energy content rates in gas–fuel mixture compared to only diesel fuel. However, an increase was observed in carbon monoxide emissions with 15% natural gas fuel addition compared to only diesel fuel. Although smoke emission was reduced with natural gas fuel addition, there was a dramatic increase in NO x emissions with 75% natural gas fuel addition

Effect of the use of natural gas–diesel fuel mixture on performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine

A compression ignition engine with a mechanical fuel system was converted into common rail fuel system by means of a self-developed electronic control unit. The engine was modified to be operated with mixtures of diesel and natural gas fuels in dual-fuel mode. Then, diesel fuel was injected into the cylinder while natural gas was injected into intake manifold with both injectors controlled with the electronic control unit. Energy content of the sprayed gas fuel was varied in the amounts of 0% (only diesel fuel), 15%, 40%, and 75% of total fuel’s energy content. All tests were carried out at constant engine speed of 1500 r/min at full load. In addition to the experiments, the engine was modeled with a one-dimensional commercial software. The experimental and numerical results were compared and found to be in reasonable agreement with each other. Both NO x and soot emissions were dropped with 15% and 40%, respectively, energy content rates in gas–fuel mixture compared to only diesel fuel. However, an increase was observed in carbon monoxide emissions with 15% natural gas fuel addition compared to only diesel fuel. Although smoke emission was reduced with natural gas fuel addition, there was a dramatic increase in NO x emissions with 75% natural gas fuel addition