Techno-economical evaluation of bio-oil production via biomass fast pyrolysis process: a review

Biomass pyrolysis is one of the beneficial sources of the production of sustainable bio-oil. Currently, marketable bio-oil plants are scarce because of the complex operations and lower profits. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the relationship between technological parameters and economic practicality. This review outlines the technical and economical routine to produce bio-oils from various biomass by fast pyrolysis. Explicit pointers were compared, such as production cost, capacity, and biomass type for bio-oil production. The bio-oil production cost is crucial for evaluating the market compatibility with other biofuels available. Different pretreatments, upgrades and recycling processes influenced production costs. Using an energy integration strategy, it is possible to produce bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis. The findings of this study might lead to bio-oil industry-related research aimed at commercializing the product

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Sugar Cane Bagasse and Sewage Sludge Co-pyrolysis Process

This study investigates the co-pyrolysis of sugar cane bagasse (B), sewage sludge (S), and their blends of different proportions (100% B, 70% B/30% S, 50% B/50% S, 30% B/70% S, and 100% S) through thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis at 20 °C/min. The purpose of this study to assess the synergistic effect of the addition of sugar cane bagasse into sewage sludge and investigate the co-pyrolysis process kinetics and thermodynamics by employing five major reaction mechanisms with 17 models using the Coats and Redfern method. The kinetic result indicates a synergistic effect of bagasse and sewage sludge. The active co-pyrolysis zone was divided into two reaction zones: zone I (200-400 °C) and zone II (400-600 °C). In both zones, 100% bagasse has the highest Ea (F1-F3, 20.77-106.54 kJ/mol; D1-D4, 1.59-89.27 kJ/mol; N1-N4, 2.33-43.69 kJ/mol; and P0.5-Pi, 2.15-39.88 kJ/mol) and A (F1-F3, 2.22 × 10+2-6.4 × 10+10 min-1; D1-D4, 3.20 × 10+2-3.72 × 10+2 min-1; N1-N4, 2.33 × 10+2-3.20 × 10+2 min-1; and P0.5-Pi, 2.33 × 10+2-3.20 × 10+2 min-1) compared to 100% sewage sludge Ea (F1-F3, 6.20-51.06 kJ/mol; D1-D4, 1.85-68.01 kJ/mol; N1-N4, 2.07-32.06 kJ/mol; and P0.5-Pi, 0.91-29.25 kJ/mol) and A (F1-F3, 2.66 × 10+2-4.0 × 10+2 min-1; D1-D4, 2.66 × 10+2-4.32 × 10+2 min-1; N1-N4, 2.06 × 10+2-2.66 × 10+2 min-1; and P0.5-Pi, 2.06 × 10+2-2.66 × 10+2 min-1) for all reaction mechanisms. Among blends in zones I and II, 70% B/30% S showed the highest Ea (F1-F3, 17.15-82.77 kJ/mol; D1-D4, 4.34-89.15 kJ/mol; N1-N4, 1.83-42.44 kJ/mol; and P0.5-Pi, 2.27-39.82 kJ/mol) and A (F1-F3, 2.24 × 10+2-3.40 × 10+2 min-1; D1-D4, 4.76 × 10+2-12 × 10+5 min-1; N1-N4, 2.32 × 10+2-2.43 × 10+2 min-1; and P0.5-Pi, 2.32 × 10+2-2.34 × 10+2 min-1) compared to all other blends for all reaction mechanisms

Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of pyrolysis of jeans waste via coats-redfern method

Used textiles, such as jeans wastes, exhibit a high potential for generating renewable and sustainable energy. However, limited research has been devoted toward investigating the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of textile wastes during pyrolysis and applying these wastes as feedstock for fuels such as biogas. Therefore, this study investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the thermal decomposition of jeans waste to evaluate its potential for sustainable energy production. Jeans waste was heat treated at 50–850 °C under different heating rates of 10–40 °C min−1. Active pyrolysis for the decomposition of jeans waste occurred at temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 °C. Specific Coats-Redfern-type reaction mechanisms were applied to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic variables in the active temperature zone. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH and ΔG) and activation energies increased when the heating rate was increased from 10 to 30 °C min−1. When the heating rate was further increased to 40 °C min−1, ΔH, ΔG, and the activation energies decreased. For heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C min−1, the pre-exponential factors varied in the ranges of 7.4×103 to 1.4×104, 1.8×104 to 5.1×1010, 2.8×104 to 5.3×1010, and 3.6×104 to 3.1×1010 min−1, respectively. In each reaction mechanism model, the entropy changed negatively for all the heating rates examined in this study. This work and its results could serve as a guide for implementing such pyrolysis processes for textile wastes at a practical scale for bioenergy applications

Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge: Thermo-kinetic study using TGA and artificial neural networks

Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge (HASS) is a considered as an effective method and a promising way for energy production from solid waste of wastewater treatment facilities. The main purpose of this work is to build knowledge on pyrolysis mechanisms, kinetics, thermos-gravimetric analysis of high-ash (44.6%) sewage sludge using model-free methods & results validation with artificial neural network (ANN). TG-DTG curves at 5,10 and 20 °C/min showed the pyrolysis zone was divided into three zone. In kinetics, E values of models ranges are; Friedman (10.6–306.2 kJ/mol), FWO (45.6–231.7 kJ/mol), KAS (41.4–232.1 kJ/mol) and Popescu (44.1–241.1 kJ/mol) respectively. ΔH and ΔG values predicted by OFW, KAS and Popescu method are in good agreement and ranged from (41–236 kJ/mol) and 53–304 kJ/mol, respectively. Negative value of ΔS showed the non-spontaneity of the process. An artificial neural network (ANN) model of 2 * 5 * 1 architecture was employed to predict the thermal decomposition of high-ash sewage sludge, showed a good agreement between the experimental values and predicted values (R2 ⩾ 0.999) are much closer to 1. Overall, the study reflected the significance of ANN model that could be used as an effective fit model to the thermogravimetric experimental data

Pyrolysis of high ash sewage sludge: kinetics and thermodynamic analysis using Coats-Redfern method

This study aims to investigate the thermo-kinetics of high-ash sewage sludge using thermogravimetric analysis. Sewage sludge was dried, pulverized and heated non-isothermally from 25 to 800 °C at different heating rates (5, 10 and 20 °C/min) in N2 atmosphere. TG and DTG results indicate that the sewage sludge pyrolysis may be divided into three stages. Coats-Redfern integral method was applied in the 2nd and 3rd stage to estimate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor from mass loss data using five major reaction mechanisms. The low-temperature stable components (LTSC) of the sewage sludge degraded in the temperature regime of 250–450 °C while high-temperature stable components (HTSC) decomposed in the temperature range of 450–700 °C. According to the results, first-order reaction model (F1) showed higher Ea with better R2 for all heating rates. D3, N1, and S1 produced higher Ea at higher heating rates for LTSC pyrolysis and lower Ea with the increase of heating rates for HTSC pyrolysis. All models showed positive ΔH except F1.5. Among all models, Diffusion (D1, D2, D3) and phase interfacial models (S1, S2) showed higher ΔG as compared to reaction, nucleation, and power-law models in section I and section II

Pyrolysis of high ash sewage sludge:kinetics and thermodynamic analysis using Coats-Redfern method

\u3cp\u3eThis study aims to investigate the thermo-kinetics of high-ash sewage sludge using thermogravimetric analysis. Sewage sludge was dried, pulverized and heated non-isothermally from 25 to 800 °C at different heating rates (5, 10 and 20 °C/min) in N\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e atmosphere. TG and DTG results indicate that the sewage sludge pyrolysis may be divided into three stages. Coats-Redfern integral method was applied in the 2nd and 3rd stage to estimate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor from mass loss data using five major reaction mechanisms. The low-temperature stable components (LTSC) of the sewage sludge degraded in the temperature regime of 250–450 °C while high-temperature stable components (HTSC) decomposed in the temperature range of 450–700 °C. According to the results, first-order reaction model (F1) showed higher Ea with better R\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e for all heating rates. D3, N1, and S1 produced higher Ea at higher heating rates for LTSC pyrolysis and lower Ea with the increase of heating rates for HTSC pyrolysis. All models showed positive ΔH except F1.5. Among all models, Diffusion (D1, D2, D3) and phase interfacial models (S1, S2) showed higher ΔG as compared to reaction, nucleation, and power-law models in section I and section II.\u3c/p\u3