The Political Economy of FDI flows into Developing Countries: Does the depth of International Trade Agreements Matter?

There is considerable debate whether the domestic political institutions (specifically, the country s level of democracy) of the host developing country toward foreign investors are effective in establishing the credibility of commitments are still underway, researchers have also analyzed the effect of international institutions such as (GATT-WTO) membership and Bilateral Investment treaties (BIT) in their role of establishing the credibility of commitment to attract foreign investments. We argue that there are qualitative differences among various types of trade agreements and full-fledged trade agreements (FTA-CU) provide credibility to foreign investors and democracy level in the host country conditions this effect whereas the partial scope agreements (PSA) are not sufficient in providing credibility of commitments and not moderated by democracy. This paper analyses the impact of heterogeneous TAs, and their interaction with domestic institutions, on FDI inflows. Statistical analyses for 122 developing countries from 1970 to 2005 support this argument. The method adopted relies on fixed effects estimator which is robust to control endogeneity on a large panel dataset. The strict erogeneity of results by using a method suggested by Baier and Bergstrand (2007) and no feedback effect found in sample. The results state that (1) More the FTA-CU concluded, larger the amount of FDI inflows are attracted into the developing countries and PSA are insignificant in determining the FDI inflow; (2) FTA CU are complementary to democratic regime whereas the conditional effect of PSA with democracy on levels of FDI inflows is insignificant.Comment: University of Orleans (France

Malvertising Through Cortana

In the digital World full of hackers and scammers, data security is what everyone needs the most. Hackers and scammers invent the new ways of stealing the information on daily basis. A comparatively modern concept in the World of hacking is malvertising. The major focus of this research paper is to evaluate the concept of malvertising through Cortana an artificial intelligence-based assistant introduced by Microsoft in windows 10. Sources of data are websites and other research papers. The major security breaches through malvertising are under consideration in this research paper. By evaluation, malvertising can be considered as one of the most dangerous security threats in digital World

A Review on Skin Cancer Data Using Image Processing

The wireless industry is going very fast nowadays. We can easily see the evolution from 2G to 3G and now advance to the 4G and 5G network. Before wireless networks, wired networks were commonly used in every field. But there were some disadvantages regarding mobility, quality of service and connectivity. Wired network bounded the region of the working area for the internet and it requires multiple wires to connect computer from one device to another. While on the other hand wireless network is an open source for everyone to use the internet. There is no limitation of the region and no issue regarding connectivity because data is transfer through signal which includes frequency in the form of waves. But there are also some disadvantages of wireless network regarding cost, speed, coverage, bandwidth etc. If we talk about the better network so it depends on the situation and problem

A Survey on Wired and Wireless Network

The wireless industry is going very fast nowadays. We can easily see the evolution from 2G to 3G and now advance to the 4G and 5G network. Before wireless networks, wired networks were commonly used in every field. But there were some disadvantages regarding mobility, quality of service and connectivity. Wired network bounded the region of the working area for the internet and it requires multiple wires to connect computer from one device to another. While on the other hand wireless network is an open source for everyone to use the internet. There is no limitation of the region and no issue regarding connectivity because data is transfer through signal which includes frequency in the form of waves. But there are also some disadvantages of wireless network regarding cost, speed,coverage, bandwidth etc. If we talk about the better network so it depends on the situation and problem

Serum Hormone Levels of Prolactin and Prolactin Content of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas and Normal Pituitary Glands

Objective and Study Design:   The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of surgical removal of adenoma on peripheral prolactin (PRL) hormone. In addition, the pituitary PRL hormone has also been measured directly in the adenoma tissue following its surgical removal and in the normal pituitary glands. Material and Methods:  The present study is based on 19 patients (16 males and 3 females), 30-50 year of age, diagnosed for NFPAs on the basis of clinical and radiological evidence. An equal number of age matched healthy subjects were included as controls.  Results:  The mean serum PRL concentration in male patients before removal of the adenoma were significantly higher (P<0.05) than values obtained after surgical removal of the adenoma and those of control subjects. In 5 of these 16 patients (PA1, PA10, PA14, PA28, PA30) serum PRL concentrations were markedly above the normal limit of circulating PRL levels (>17.0 ng/ml), the levels being ~ 2-fold of the mean control levels. The PRL levels returned to normal range following ablation of adenoma in these patients. The individual and mean serum PRL levels in the remaining 11 (68.75%) patients were in normal range before and after surgery.  Conclusions:  Taken together, the present data suggest that a significant proportion of NFPAs may actively synthesize and secrete pituitary hormones such as PRL, in amounts that may not be sufficient to produce any overt clinical signs of hormone hypersecretion

An Investigation of Misinformation Susceptibility of Older Adults: A Persuasive Perspective

One group in our society that is particularly vulnerable to misinformation is older adults. While older adults have been recognized as being of high risk for misinformation, this demographic has been under-researched in the dark side of IT literature. This research-in-progress study seeks to understand how individual, medium, and message characteristics influence individuals’ susceptibility toward misinformation and how these factors influence misinformation susceptibility differently across younger and older adults. A lab experiment is also proposed to verify the proposed relationships. This proposed research will provide much needed understanding on how older adults are impacted by the IT threat of misinformation and how to design support to encourage resilience to misinformation that results in improved well-being and mobility for older adults

Effectiveness of Tetrachlorodecaoxide Compounds in the Healing of Mandibular Fracture

Fractures of mandible are more common in fighting dogs or can be occur due to accidents. A dog with similar fracture was presented at Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (CMS) with dropped jaw, drawling of bloody saliva. Animal was reluctant to eat and was depressed. After critical physical examination, the condition was confirmed as bilateral fracture of the mandibular body. After performing the necessary pre-operative test like complete blood count (CBC), Serum biochemistry and urinalysis, fracture was surgically reduced by using inter-dental wiring technique. Tetrachlorodecaoxide drops (TCDO) (Oxoferin®; Brookes Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Pakistan) were applied on fracture site three to four times /day until recovery. Animal was kept on liquid diet (chicken soup and milk) throughout and semi-solid food after 25 days. The fracture healed uneventfully in just 37 days

Impact of Political and Economic Institutions on FDI Inflows: evidence from South Asian countries

The current study examines the effects of political and economic institutions on the FDI inflows for the selected 4 South Asian countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.  For this, Panel data is employed for the period 1984--2020. Panel unit root test, Pedroni Cointegration test, Dynamic OLS (DOLS), and Panel Error Correction Model (PECM) methods have been used to extract the results. The empirical findings revealed the significant and positive effect of economic institutions on the inward FDI of South Asian countries. However, political institutions are found to be insignificant for inward FDI. The outcomes of the VECM and the panel cointegration approach confirmed the presence of a cointegrated relationship among the variables. The short-run effects are found to be insignificant.  Therefore, Policymakers should make certain policies by taking into account the heterogeneity between economic and political institutions. They need to pay attention to the steps through which the institutions can be made stronger and more effective so that they can make the environment more favorable to attract the maximum number of FDI projects into a specific region

Genome-wide analyses of the mung bean NAC gene family reveals orthologs, co-expression networking and expression profiling under abiotic and biotic stresses

Background Mung bean is a short-duration and essential food crop owing to its cash prominence in Asia. Mung bean seeds are rich in protein, fiber, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. The NAC transcription factors (TFs) family is a large plant-specific family, participating in tissue development regulation and abiotic and biotic stresses. Results In this study, we perform genome-wide comparisons of VrNAC with their homologs from Arabidopsis. We identified 81 NAC transcription factors (TFs) in mung bean genome and named as per their chromosome location. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that VrNACs are broadly distributed in nine groups. Moreover, we identified 20 conserved motifs across the VrNACs highlighting their roles in different biological process. Based on the gene structure of the putative VrNAC and segmental duplication events might be playing a vital role in the expansion of mung bean genome. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of mung bean NAC together with homologs from Arabidopsis allowed us to classify NAC genes into 13 groups, each containing several orthologs and paralogs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis categorized the VrNACs into biological process, cellular components and molecular functions, explaining the functions in different plant physiology processes. A gene co-expression network analysis identified 173 genes involved in the transcriptional network of putative VrNAC genes. We also investigated how miRNAs potentially target VrNACs and shape their interactions with proteins. VrNAC1.4 (Vradi01g03390.1) was targeted by the Vra-miR165 family, including 9 miRNAs. Vra-miR165 contributes to leaf development and drought tolerance. We also performed qRT-PCR on 22 randomly selected VrNAC genes to assess their expression patterns in the NM-98 genotype, widely known for being tolerant to drought and bacterial leaf spot disease. Conclusions This genome-wide investigation of VrNACs provides a unique resource for further detailed investigations aimed at predicting orthologs functions and what role the play under abiotic and biotic stress, with the ultimate aim to improve mung bean production under diverse environmental conditions