Cellular shear adhesion force measurement and simultaneous imaging by atomic force microscope

This paper presents a sensitive and fast cellular shear adhesion force measurement method using an atomic force microscope (AFM). In the work, the AFM was used both as a tool for the imaging of cells on the nano-scale and as a force sensor for the measurement of the shear adhesion force between the cell and the substrate. After the cell imaging, the measurement of cellular shear adhesion forces was made based on the different positions of the cell on the nano-scale. Moreover, different pushing speeds of probe and various locations of cells were used in experiments to study their influences. In this study, the measurement of the cell adhesion in the upper portion of the cell is different from that in the lower portion. It may reveal that the cancer cells have the metastasis tendency after cultured for 16 to 20 hours, which is significant for preventing metastasis in the patients diagnosed with early cancer lesions. Furthermore, the cellular shear adhesion forces of two types of living cancer cells were obtained based on the measurements of AFM cantilever deflections in the torsional and vertical directions. The results demonstrate that the shear adhesion force of cancer cells is twice as much as the same type of cancer cells with TRAIL. The method can also provide a way for the measurement of the cellular shear adhesion force between the cell and the substrate, and for the simultaneous exploration of cells using the AFM imaging and manipulatio

Medically unexplained symptoms, illness perception and childhood experience in neurology outpatients

AbstractObjectives: Up to one third of patients presenting to neurology outpatients clinics have medically unexplained symptoms, but the aetiology of such symptoms is not well understood. In the current study we sought to investigate the role of anxiety, depression, cognitive factors and early experience in the development of medically unexplained symptoms.Method: Fifty-seven new patients presenting to a neurology outpatients clinic were studied. Demographic details were recorded and a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, an Illness Perception Questionnaire, and a Childhood Development Questionnaire were administered. An assessment was made by trained medical investigators as to whether the patients symptoms were medically unexplained or accounted for by organic pathology.Results: We found that 17 out of 56 patients (30%) had medically unexplained symptoms. Such patients complained of a greater number of symptoms, were more anxious, were more likely to have a past history of depression, and were more likely to attribute their illness to stress than patients with a presumed organic basis for their disease. They were also more likely to have been in foster care as children. High levels of depression and anxiety were strongly associated with the number of physical symptoms and the perceived negative consequences of the illness.Conclusions: The recognition and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders may contribute to the management of patients with medically unexplained symptoms. Open discussion of beliefs regarding aetiology are also likely to be of benefit regardless of the presence or absence of organic pathology.</jats:p

GrippeWeb-Wochenbericht KW 20

Nachdem sich die für die Bevölkerung in Deutschland geschätzte Gesamt-ARE-Rate von der 17. Kalenderwoche (KW) bis zur 19. KW auf einem relativ stabilen Niveau befand, stieg die Rate in der 20. KW 2023 wieder leicht auf 6,1 % an (Vorwoche: 5,7 %). Dabei ist die ARE-Rate bei den Erwachsenen ab 15 Jahren gestiegen, während sie bei den Kindern bis 14 Jahren gesunken ist. Die Gesamt-ILI-Rate ist mit 1,0 % in der 20. KW im Vergleich zur Vorwoche gesunken. Die Gesamt-ARE-Rate lag in der 20. KW 2023 über dem Wertebereich der vorpandemischen Jahre zu dieser Zeit, die Gesamt-ILI-Rate lag im mittleren Bereich. Die für die Bevölkerung in Deutschland geschätzten Raten für die 20. KW 2023 beruhen auf den Angaben von 6.015 GrippeWeb-Teilnehmenden, von diesen meldeten 360 eine ARE und 59 eine ILI (Datenstand: 23.5.2023, 0:00 Uhr). Durch Nachmeldungen, die bis zu vier Wochen lang möglich sind, können sich noch Änderungen ergeben