90 research outputs found
Problemáticas del cambio climático en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires - aportes de las cubiertas vegetadas en la regulación térmica
197-209La urbanizaciĂłn se define como el crecimiento fĂsico de las áreas urbanas. Alrededor de la mitad de la poblaciĂłn del mundo vive en ciudades. Se espera que esta aumente al 61 por ciento para el 2030. Las ciudades, pese a su diversidad presentan caracterĂsticas ambientales comunes en muchas partes del mundo, como por ejemplo la presencia de la Isla de Calor Urbana (ICU). La ICU evidencia el impacto del hábitat construido sobre el medio fĂsico y el aumento de temperatura que produce. La mayorĂa de las emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero que contribuyen al cambio climático global, provienen de zonas urbanas. El cambio climático está afectando el clima a escala global y en las ciudades no solo modifica las condiciones del ciclo hidrolĂłgico, sino tambiĂ©n afecta la ICU. Para Buenos Aires se está pronosticando, en el perĂodo 2020-2029, un aumento de las temperaturas promedio máximas en 0,6°C hasta más de 2°C. La ley N° 3.871, de adaptaciĂłn y mitigaciĂłn al cambio climático en Buenos Aires, propone medidas mĂnimas de adaptaciĂłn. Una de ellas son las cubiertas verdes, las cuales, ayudarĂan principalmente a amortiguar las temperaturas extremas y la isla de calor urbano. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si, para las condiciones climáticas de la Ciudad AutĂłnoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), las cubiertas vegetadas (con las caracterĂsticas del sitio de estudio), pueden significar un aporte a la regulaciĂłn de temperatura. El estudio permite afirmar, para las condiciones climáticas, perĂodo y tipo de cubierta estudiada, que las mismas pueden ser un aporte a la regulaciĂłn tĂ©rmica de las edificaciones
Problemáticas del cambio climático en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires - aportes de las cubiertas vegetadas en la regulación térmica
197-209La urbanizaciĂłn se define como el crecimiento fĂsico de las áreas urbanas. Alrededor de la mitad de la poblaciĂłn del mundo vive en ciudades. Se espera que esta aumente al 61 por ciento para el 2030. Las ciudades, pese a su diversidad presentan caracterĂsticas ambientales comunes en muchas partes del mundo, como por ejemplo la presencia de la Isla de Calor Urbana (ICU). La ICU evidencia el impacto del hábitat construido sobre el medio fĂsico y el aumento de temperatura que produce. La mayorĂa de las emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero que contribuyen al cambio climático global, provienen de zonas urbanas. El cambio climático está afectando el clima a escala global y en las ciudades no solo modifica las condiciones del ciclo hidrolĂłgico, sino tambiĂ©n afecta la ICU. Para Buenos Aires se está pronosticando, en el perĂodo 2020-2029, un aumento de las temperaturas promedio máximas en 0,6°C hasta más de 2°C. La ley N° 3.871, de adaptaciĂłn y mitigaciĂłn al cambio climático en Buenos Aires, propone medidas mĂnimas de adaptaciĂłn. Una de ellas son las cubiertas verdes, las cuales, ayudarĂan principalmente a amortiguar las temperaturas extremas y la isla de calor urbano. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si, para las condiciones climáticas de la Ciudad AutĂłnoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), las cubiertas vegetadas (con las caracterĂsticas del sitio de estudio), pueden significar un aporte a la regulaciĂłn de temperatura. El estudio permite afirmar, para las condiciones climáticas, perĂodo y tipo de cubierta estudiada, que las mismas pueden ser un aporte a la regulaciĂłn tĂ©rmica de las edificaciones
Brain Region–Specific Decrease in the Activity and Expression of Protein Kinase A in the Frontal Cortex of Regressive Autism
Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired language, communication, and social skills. In regressive autism, affected children first show signs of normal social and language development but eventually lose these skills and develop autistic behavior. Protein kinases are essential in G-protein-coupled, receptor-mediated signal transduction and are involved in neuronal functions, gene expression, memory, and cell differentiation. We studied the activity and expression of protein kinase A (PKA), a cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase, in postmortem brain tissue samples from the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices, and the cerebellum of individuals with regressive autism; autistic subjects without a clinical history of regression; and age-matched developmentally normal control subjects. The activity of PKA and the expression of PKA (C-α), a catalytic subunit of PKA, were significantly decreased in the frontal cortex of individuals with regressive autism compared to control subjects and individuals with non-regressive autism. Such changes were not observed in the cerebellum, or the cortices from the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of the brain in subjects with regressive autism. In addition, there was no significant difference in PKA activity or expression of PKA (C-α) between non-regressive autism and control groups. These results suggest that regression in autism may be associated, in part, with decreased PKA-mediated phosphorylation of proteins and abnormalities in cellular signaling
Five statements for which there was low agreement concerning whether they should be classified as “facts” and low levels of endorsement as a function of ideological group.
<p>Five statements for which there was low agreement concerning whether they should be classified as “facts” and low levels of endorsement as a function of ideological group.</p
Microbiome-derived carnitine mimics as previously unknown mediators of gut-brain axis communication
Alterations to the gut microbiome are associated with various neurological diseases, yet evidence of causality and identity of microbiome-derived compounds that mediate gut-brain axis interaction remain elusive. Here, we identify two previously unknown bacterial metabolites 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate and 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate, structural analogs of carnitine that are present in both gut and brain of specific pathogen–free mice but absent in germ-free mice. We demonstrate that these compounds are produced by anaerobic commensal bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae (Clostridiales) family, colocalize with carnitine in brain white matter, and inhibit carnitine-mediated fatty acid oxidation in a murine cell culture model of central nervous system white matter. This is the first description of direct molecular inter-kingdom exchange between gut prokaryotes and mammalian brain cells, leading to inhibition of brain cell function
The inhibition of glutamine synthetase sensitizes human sarcoma cells to l-asparaginase
Purpose:
To evaluate the activity of the antitumor enzyme l-asparaginase (ASNase) on tumor cells of mesenchymal origin and the contribution of glutamine synthetase (GS) to the adaptation to the metabolic stress caused by the anti-tumor enzyme.
Methods:
We studied the effects of ASNase in six human sarcoma cell lines: HT1080 (fibrosarcoma); RD (rhabdomyosarcoma); SW872 (liposarcoma); HOS, SAOS-2, and U2OS (osteosarcoma) in the absence or in the presence of the GS inhibitor methionine l-sulfoximine (MSO).
Results:
HT1080 and SW872 cells were highly sensitive to ASNase-dependent cytotoxicity. In contrast, RD, SAOS-2, HOS, and U2OS cells exhibited only a partial growth suppression upon treatment with the anti-tumor enzyme. In these cell lines ASNase treatment was associated with increased levels of GS. When ASNase was used together with MSO, the proliferation of the poorly sensitive cell lines was completely blocked and a significant decrease in the IC50 for ASNase was observed. Moreover, when ASNase treatment was carried on in the presence of MSO, HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cells exhibited a marked cytotoxicity, with increased apoptosis.
Conclusions:
In human sarcoma cells (1) GS markedly contributes to the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells to ASNase and (2) the inhibition of GS activity enhances the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of ASNase. The two-step interference with glutamine metabolism, obtained through the combined treatment with ASNase and MSO, may provide a novel therapeutic approach that should be further investigated in human tumors of mesenchymal origin
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