Green solvents

Prolonged exposure to solvents has a harmful impact on all living organisms, damaging most organs. Reducing the use of solvents or replacing them with less toxic ones, are two of the most important ambitions of green chemistry. Water, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, non-toxic liquid polymers and their varied combinations are part of the class of green solvents. They are characterized by low toxicity, convenient accessibility and possibility of reuse as well as great efficiency

Enzymes - important players in green chemistry

Green chemistry has become a worldwide approach that leads to sustainable growth through application and development of its principles. A lot of work has to be put into designing new processes comprising of materials which do not emit pollutants to the atmosphere. Inventing new safer methods and finding less harmful products can be challenging. Enzymes are a great hope of scientists in the field of green chemistry. Enzymes as catalysts require mild conditions therefore it is a great way of saving resources such as energy or water. Processes with the use of enzymes have become more feasible by being more cost effective and eco friendly. Taking into account the benefits of green chemistry, enzyme biocatalysis has quickly replaced traditional chemical processes in several fields, and this substitution is going to reach even more areas because of new emerging technologies in enzyme engineering

Differential Effects of Iron Chelates vs. Iron Salts on Induction of Pro-Oncogenic Amphiregulin and Pro-Inflammatory COX-2 in Human Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

We previously showed that two iron compounds that are orally ingested by humans, namely ferric EDTA and ferric citrate, can induce an oncogenic growth factor (amphiregulin) in human intestinal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we further screened these iron compounds, plus four other iron chelates and six iron salts (i.e., 12 oral iron compounds in total), for their effects on biomarkers of cancer and inflammation. Ferric pyrophosphate and ferric EDTA were the main inducers of amphiregulin and its receptor monomer, IGFr1. Moreover, at the maximum iron concentrations investigated (500 \ub5M), the highest levels of amphiregulin were induced by the six iron chelates, while four of these also increased IGfr1. In addition, we observed that ferric pyrophosphate promoted signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway by up-regulating the cytokine receptor subunit IFN-γr1 and IL-6. For pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ferric pyrophosphate but not ferric EDTA elevated intracellular levels. This, however, did not drive the other biomarkers based on COX-2 inhibition studies and was probably downstream of IL-6. We conclude that of all oral iron compounds, iron chelates may particularly elevate intracellular amphiregulin. Ferric pyrophosphate additionally induced COX-2, probably because of the high IL-6 induction that was observed with this compound

Metabolic chiral inversion of 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives (profens)

2-arylpropionic acid derivatives (profens) are one of the most popular anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drugs. They belong to a group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and exhibit metabolic chiral inversion. Enantiomers of these chiral drugs are often characterised by different pharmacological activity. It is estimated that the values of metabolic chiral inversion of (R)-ibuprofen in humans are between 35 and 70%, depending on the condition of the liver and the intake of other medicines, while (R)-flurbiprofen undergoes chiral metabolic inversion to its opposed (S) form only in small range. The described phenomenon in the case of (R)-ketoprofen is limited to a maximum of around 10%. The metabolic chiral inversion is associated with potentially important pharmacotherapeutic and toxicological consequences, and so an attempt was made to analyse this phenomenon for the most commonly used drugs from the profens group

Kinetic resolution of a b-adrenolytic drug with the use of lipases as enantioselective biocatalysts

The study presented herein is focused on optimisation of the kinetic resolution of racemic propranolol by screening acetylating agent, reaction medium, and enantioselective biocatalysts. The effects of acetylating agent and reaction medium on the efficiency of performed enantioselective biotransformation were inves-tigated. Furthermore, the catalytic activities on nine commercially available lipases were tested. Finally, the composition of reaction medium was selected, based on previously obtained results, providing the most efficient process of kinetic resolution of racemic propranolol

RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease

Surowiec Agnieszka, Wołowiec Łukasz, Rogowicz Daniel, Kałużny Krystian, Surowiec Justyna, Tarczykowska Agata, Krakowska Alicja, Zukow Walery. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):453-460. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20975http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A453-460https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/590771http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20975Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 15.07.2015. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowychRDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease Agnieszka Surowiec1, Łukasz Wołowiec1, Daniel Rogowicz1, Krystian Kałużny2, Justyna Surowiec3, Agata Tarczykowska4, Alicja Krakowska2, Walery Zukow5 1Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;2Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;3Studenckie Koło Naukowe Anatomii Topograficznej Człowieka, Katedra Anatomii Człowieka, Międzynarodowy Uniwersytet Medyczny w Ivano- Frankivsku;4Studenckie Koło Naukowe Biomed, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz;5Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy; Słowa kluczowe: RDW, marker, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe.Key words: RDW, marker, cardiovascular diseases. StreszczenieRozpiętość rozkładu objętości erytrocytów (red cell distribution width - RDW) jest wskaźnikiem zmienności wielkości krwinek czerwonych (anizocytoza). Krwinki czerwone zazwyczaj mają standardową wielkość, ale zaburzenia prowadzące do nieskutecznego procesu erytropoezy lub sytuacje zwiększonego niszczenia krwinek czerwonych doprowadzają do większej różnorodności w wielkości krwinki czerwonej, co przekłada się na wzrost wskaźnika RDW. RDW jest parametrem rutynowo oznaczanym w praktyce klinicznej jako część morfologii krwi, jest obecnie stosowany jako pomoc w diagnostyce różnicowej anemii. W celu poprawy stratyfikacji ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych identyfikacja nowych markerów prognostycznych może zapewnić poznanie dokładnej patofizjologii tych chorób oraz dać nowe możliwości terapeutyczne. Aktualnie szereg różnych parametrów i markerów biologicznych jest wykorzystywana do tworzenia modeli w celu przewidywania przeżycia pacjenta z daną chorobą sercowo-naczyniową. Najnowsze dane sugerują również, że RDW może być istotnym prognostycznie markerem dla śmiertelności długoterminowej w szeregu chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego, w tym choroby wieńcowej, zawału mięśnia sercowego, niewydolności serca, udaru mózgu, nadciśnienia płucnego i choroby tętnic obwodowych.AbstractRed cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of the variation in red cells size (anisocytosis). Usually, red blood cells have a standard size, but disorders leading to ineffective erythropoiesis or situations of increased red blood cell destruction cause greater heterogeneity in red blood cell size, with a higher RDW value. Red cell distribution width is routinely measured in clinical practice as part of the automated complete blood count. Red cell distribution width is currently used as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of anemia because it reflects variability in the size of circulating erythrocytes. Higher values reflect greater heterogeneity in erythrocyte cell sizes.To improving risk stratification, identification of new prognostic markers may provide insight into underlying pathophysiology or suggest avenues for therapeutic development. To date, a wide variety of clinical variables and biological markers have been used to create predictive models for survival in patients with cardiovascular disease.Recent data also suggest that red cell distribution width also may be a prognostic marker for long-term mortality. This has been particularly well studied in patients with cardiovascular disease, including coronary disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, strokes, pulmonary hypertension and peripheral artery disease

Ocena skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa farmakoterapii inhibitorami aldosteronu w niewydolności serca = Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy using aldosterone antagonists in heart failure

Tarczykowska Agata, Kochański Bartosz, Wołowiec Łukasz, Surowiec Agnieszka, Plaskiewicz Anna, Zukow Walery. Ocena skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa farmakoterapii inhibitorami aldosteronu w niewydolności serca = Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy using aldosterone antagonists in heart failure. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):153-162. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19339http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A153-162https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/578965http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19339Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 30.06.2015. Ocena skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa farmakoterapii inhibitorami aldosteronu w niewydolności serca Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy using aldosterone antagonists in heart failure Agata Tarczykowska1, Bartosz Kochański2, Łukasz Wołowiec3, Agnieszka Surowiec3, Anna Plaskiewicz2, Walery Zukow4 1Studenckie Koło Naukowe Biomed, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz2Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu3Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu4Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy StreszczenieLiczne badania udowodniły udział aldosteronu w patogenezie schorzeń układu krążenia. Aldosteron jest jednym z głównych czynników progresji niewydolności i remodelingu lewej komory. Pomimo stosowania inhibitorów konwertazy angiotensyny (ACE-I) lub inhibitorów receptorów dla angiotensyny II (ARB), negatywny wpływ układu RAA nie jest w pełni blokowany. Zjawisko nadmiernego wzrostu poziomu aldosteronu, pomimo stosowania ACE-I i ARB, zachodzi u około 40% chorych z niewydolnością serca. Pojawia się coraz więcej dowodów na to, jak ważne jest w tym wypadku dodatkowe zablokowanie receptorów mineralokortykoidowych. Obecnie dostępne są już na rynku inhibitory aldosteronu, zarówno selektywny eplerenon jak i nieselektywny spironolakton. Abstract                Numerous tests have proved the influence of aldosterone on pathogenesis of cardiovascular system. Aldosteron is one of the main factors that cause the progress of heart failure and left ventricular remodeling. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor blockers are used, the negative influence of RAAS is not fully blocked. Despite the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs, too high aldosterone level occurs in approximately 40% of patients with heart failure. There are many evidences that in this case also very important is to block mineralocorticoid receptors. Nowadays aldosterone antagonists are available on the drug market, both selective eplerenone and non-selective spironolactone. Słowa kluczowe: niewydolność serca, inhibitory aldosteronu, spironolakton, eplerenon.Keywords: heart failure, aldosterone antagonists, spironolactone, eplerenone

Differential Effects of Iron Chelates vs. Iron Salts on Induction of Pro-Oncogenic Amphiregulin and Pro-Inflammatory COX-2 in Human Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines.

Peer reviewed: TrueFunder: internal university fundingWe previously showed that two iron compounds that are orally ingested by humans, namely ferric EDTA and ferric citrate, can induce an oncogenic growth factor (amphiregulin) in human intestinal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we further screened these iron compounds, plus four other iron chelates and six iron salts (i.e., 12 oral iron compounds in total), for their effects on biomarkers of cancer and inflammation. Ferric pyrophosphate and ferric EDTA were the main inducers of amphiregulin and its receptor monomer, IGFr1. Moreover, at the maximum iron concentrations investigated (500 µM), the highest levels of amphiregulin were induced by the six iron chelates, while four of these also increased IGfr1. In addition, we observed that ferric pyrophosphate promoted signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway by up-regulating the cytokine receptor subunit IFN-γr1 and IL-6. For pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ferric pyrophosphate but not ferric EDTA elevated intracellular levels. This, however, did not drive the other biomarkers based on COX-2 inhibition studies and was probably downstream of IL-6. We conclude that of all oral iron compounds, iron chelates may particularly elevate intracellular amphiregulin. Ferric pyrophosphate additionally induced COX-2, probably because of the high IL-6 induction that was observed with this compound

Differential Effects of Iron Chelates vs. Iron Salts on Induction of Pro-Oncogenic Amphiregulin and Pro-Inflammatory COX-2 in Human Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines.

We previously showed that two iron compounds that are orally ingested by humans, namely ferric EDTA and ferric citrate, can induce an oncogenic growth factor (amphiregulin) in human intestinal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we further screened these iron compounds, plus four other iron chelates and six iron salts (i.e., 12 oral iron compounds in total), for their effects on biomarkers of cancer and inflammation. Ferric pyrophosphate and ferric EDTA were the main inducers of amphiregulin and its receptor monomer, IGFr1. Moreover, at the maximum iron concentrations investigated (500 µM), the highest levels of amphiregulin were induced by the six iron chelates, while four of these also increased IGfr1. In addition, we observed that ferric pyrophosphate promoted signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway by up-regulating the cytokine receptor subunit IFN-γr1 and IL-6. For pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ferric pyrophosphate but not ferric EDTA elevated intracellular levels. This, however, did not drive the other biomarkers based on COX-2 inhibition studies and was probably downstream of IL-6. We conclude that of all oral iron compounds, iron chelates may particularly elevate intracellular amphiregulin. Ferric pyrophosphate additionally induced COX-2, probably because of the high IL-6 induction that was observed with this compound

May Chelated Iron Be Pro-Inflammatory?

We have shown that two iron chelates, used in iron nutrition, promote induction of the oncogenic growth factor Amphiregulin in human gut epithelial cells. Since then, we have investigated several iron compounds on the safe lists of EFSA and USFDA using a human intestinal cell assay in combination with proteomic profiling. Here we will report proteomic cell data for other iron chelates, salts and nanoparticulate iron which suggest that iron chelates may increase the cellular sensitivity to pro-inflammatory mediators and growth promotors by increasing their receptor levels. We conclude that iron chelates may be pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic to intestinal cells