Platismatia norvegica – a new lichen record from European Russia

Suboceanic lichen Platismatia norvegica is recorded for the first time in European Russia, in old-growth spruce forest, on the highest point of low-mountain ridge Vetreniy Poyas – Olovgora (Arkhangelsk region).

The population structure of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in the middle boreal forests depends on the time-since-disturbance

The population structure of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. was analyzed in the Vodlozersky National Park (Karelia, Russia), for middle boreal forest stands having a time-since-disturbance spanning 80 to 450 years. To estimate the age of the last disturbance, a method of evaluation for the tree population structure was applied. The forest stand communities belonged to a successional series: middle-aged aspen – mixed aspen-spruce – pre-climax spruce – climax (old-growth) spruce forest. All thalli (1055) of L. pulmonaria from all substrate units (165, separately standing or lying trees and shrubs) were described within 7 sample plots of 1 ha. For each thallus, the area (cm2) and the functional-age group were determined. The number of Lobaria thalli per ha, number of substrate units, number of substrate types (living, standing dead and lying dead trees of different species) colonized by L. pulmonaria, as well as number of substrate types on which the lichen had completed its life cycle increased with time-since-disturbance.

The lichens and allied fungi of the southern part of the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk Region, NW Russia)

The paper presents the first data on lichen diversity in the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk Region, Northwest Russia). As a result of the study, 263 species and 1 subspecies of lichens and allied fungi were found in the southern part of the national park. Seventeen lichen species are reported for the first time for Arkhangelsk Region. Biatora albidula is a new species for Northwest European Russia. Two recorded species are included in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation and 7 in the Red Data Book of Arkhangelsk Region. Pycnothelia papillaria can be recommended for inclusion to the Red Data Book of Arkhangelsk Region

New and rare lichens and allied fungi from Arkhangelsk Region, North-West Russia. II

Information about 38 species of lichens is presented. In total, 18 species are newly recorded for Arkhangelsk Region, 11 species are new for its mainland area. New localities for 9 rare species are presented. Thalloidima physaroides is new for the territory of Northwest Russia. The species Sclerophora peronella is reported for the second time in the whole territory of Russia, Calicium pinicola – in European Russia and Rhizocarpon simillimum – in Northwest Russia. For Vezdaea rheocarpa and Pilophorus robustus the westernmost localities in Russia are reported. The new localities of 9 species included in the Red Data Book of Arkhangelsk Region are presented. Six species are added to the list of lichens of Vodlozersky National Park

The lichens of forest rocky communities of the hill Muroigora (Arkhangelsk Region, Northwest Russia)

The present study reports 188 species and 2 subspecies of lichens and allied fungi from forest rocky communities of the hill Muroigora situated in the Arkhangelsk part of the National park “Vodlozersky” (Arkhangelsk Region, NW Russia). Lepraria ecorticata is new to Russia, and 13 more species are new for the mainland area of the Arkhangelsk Region: Arthonia mediella, Arthonia vinosa, Bacidia igniarii, Bryoria vrangiana, Chaenothecopsis pusiola, Cladonia caespiticia, Lecidea plana, Lepraria borealis, Micarea misella, Pertusaria pustulata, Schaereria cinereorufa, Xanthoparmelia pulla and Xylographa trunciseda. Two lichen species, Bryoria fremontii and Lobaria pulmonaria, are in the Red Data Books of the Arkhangelsk Region and Russian Federation. A total of 89 species are reported as new for the Vodlozersky National Park.

Diversity of lichens and allied fungi on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the middle boreal forests of Republic of Karelia (Russia)

A detailed study of lichen diversity and estimation of epiphytic lichen cover characteristics on spruce as a key ecosystem component was performed in boreal forests of Karelia (NW Russia). The aims of the present paper are: (1) to study lichen diversity on Norway spruce in the middle boreal forests of southern Karelia (NW Russia), and (2) to estimate the main characteristics of epiphytic lichen cover on spruce trunks and branches. In total, 158 species of lichens and allied fungi were found on spruce, including 108 species on trunks, 78 on branches and 55 on snags. Seventeen species are listed in the Red Data Book of Republic of Karelia. Ten species are new for the biogeographical province Karelia transonegensis and two for the province Karelia onegensis. Twenty-two species are considered old-growth forest indicators. The total epiphytic lichen cover on spruce trees averaged 59% at the trunk base, 12% at a height of 1.3 m above ground level and 61% on branches. Predominantly, only 12 species contributed to the lichen cover of trunk and branches. Despite the predominance of crustose lichens colonising spruce trees, the main epiphytic lichen cover both on trunks and branches was provided largely by foliose species (57% of the total cover). Due to a variety of morphological features, spruce provides diverse microhabitats, which leads to high lichen species richness with different ecological requirements. Spruce trees play a significant role in maintaining the diversity and conservation of rare species

The present lichen flora of the city of Petrozavodsk

The present study reports 228 species of lichens and lichenicolous or non-lichenized saprobic fungi in Petrozavodsk (Republic of Karelia, Russia). Seven lichen species of Karelian Red Data Book are recorded. Three species are reported for the first time for Karelia: Arthonia fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp, Hypocenomyce caradocensis (Leight. ex Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid., and Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner. 47 species are reported as new to Karelia olonetsensis, 7 species as new to Karelia onegensis (Fadeeva et al., 2007).

Diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes on aspen (Populus tremula) in the middle boreal forests of Republic of Karelia (Russia)

The distribution of epiphytic bryophyte and lichen species growing on aspen in the middle boreal forests was studied in southern Karelia (Russia). These forests varied in time-since-disturbance from 80 to 450 years. Two hundred twenty two species of epiphytes, including 178 lichens, 32 mosses and 12 liverworts, were recorded on 192 aspen trees in forests over 24 ha, in the Karelian part of the Vodlozero National Park, Kivach Strict Nature Reserve, Kizhi Sanctuary and Petrozavodsk City. Arthonia biatoricola, A. excipienda and Biatoridium monasteriense were collected in Karelia for the first time. Eighteen rare species (lichens Anaptychia ciliaris, Arthonia vinosa, Bryoria nadvornikiana, Chaenotheca gracilenta, C. stemonea, Lecidea albofuscescens, Lobaria pulmonaria, Melanelixia subaurifera, Nephroma bellum, N. laevigatum, Phaeocalicium populneum, Ramalina thrausta, Rostania occultata, Scytinium subtile, Usnea barbata, mosses Neckera pennata, Plagiomnium drummondii and liverwort Lejeunea cavifolia) listed in the Red Data Book of Republic of Karelia (2007) were found. Relationships between epiphytic lichen and bryophyte species richness and certain environmental variables (at different trunk heights above ground and time-since-disturbance) were evaluated. Lichens and mosses on aspen trunks often occupy different ecological niches. Cover and diversity of bryophytes was high on trunk bases, while the number of lichen species and their cover were higher at a height of 1.3 m above ground level. The total number of lichen species on aspen increased on average from 40 to 60 species per ha with increasing time-since-disturbance from 100 to 450 years. A stabilization in lichen species number was observed at about 200 years since disturbance. No significant correlation was determined between bryophyte diversity on aspens and the time-since-disturbance.

New records of lichens and allied fungi from Vodlozersky National Park within Arkhangelsk Region (NW Russia)

The paper presents the results of the ongoing research of lichen diversity in Arkhangelsk Region of Russia, in Vodlozersky National Park which is the largest protected area in the territory of NW Russia. In total, 155 species of lichens and allied fungi are recorded for the first time for the Arkhangelsk part of the Vodlozersky National Park, and 69 species – for the whole mainland area of Arkhangelsk Region

Bone Regeneration in the Application of a New Device for Osteosynthesis in the Experiment

Background. Treatment of residual cavities after radical surgery for bone diseases is a vital problem of modern traumatology. Currently, there is an active search for devices both for osteosynthesis and bone-substituting masses. Aims. The purpose of this work was to test a new device for osteosynthesis. It can be used both for fixing bone fragments, and for studying the morphological features of bone regenerate in experiment.Materials and methods. A device for bone osteosynthesis of tubular bones in an experiment (Patent of the Russian Federation N 20116121487) was applied. The device consisted of two half-bushings, fastened to each other by a fierce clamp. Polypropylene was used as the material for the half-bushings, therefore no immunological reactions were observed. On the inner surface there were silicone cylinders, which directed pressure on the fragments and did not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum. The experiment was performed on Wistar rats. The surgical defect of the femur was filled with hydroxyapatite. Two groups of animals were identified. The bone in the first group was fixed by the device. The wire cerclage was used in the second group.Results. The study showed that the developed device does not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum, and also tightly fixes the osteoplastic material in the bone defect. Histological examination showed that bone regeneration was faster when the device was used. On the 21st day of the experiment, the regenerate filled the defect in the control group by 62 %, and in the experimental group by 73 %. The regenerate was represented by a woven bone. In all animals, bone regenerate formed a strong osteo-integrative connection with the maternal bone. In both groups, it looked like a mature bone tissue at the end of the experiment (28 days).Conclusion. The data indicate that the device does not disturb the processes of bone formation and allows for more efficient use osteoplastic material