Negative Alternations in Bilingual Speech: The Case of Chipilo, Mexico

In the present study, I investigate the phenomenon of negative doubling (e.g., no fui no ‘I did not go NEG’) in Mexico, in the town of Chipilo, a bilingual Italo-Mexican community, which has preserved Veneto, a minority language for over 100 years. It is predicted that Italo-Mexican bilinguals have transferred a second final no from Veneto, a language, which exhibits negative doubling, into Spanish, a language that does not allow a repetition of the same negator prosodically in the sentence final position. This study analysed the data of 117 participants (Chipilenos, mixed groups, and monolingual speakers) classified into two sex groups, two age groups (18-34, 35-70), and four ethnicity groups in order to examine the frequency of negative doubling in Spanish and investigate which social and linguistic factors favour the distribution of the phenomenon. All the participants performed a combination of semi-spontaneous speech, as well as two controlled tasks (a Preference forced choice and a Sentence Repetition Tasks). The results suggest a transfer effect from Veneto into Spanish in the bilingual speech only, specifically in the discourse of males, participants with two Chipileno parents and participants with a Chipileno father. The results from one of the controlled tasks showed that second negative mention, as a linguistic factor had a strong effect on elicitation of negation doubling, specifically among young speakers. Overall, by combining both traditional sociolinguistic interview methods with controlled tasks, I was able to better elicit negation and understand the situation of languages in contact

НЕИНВАЗИВНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ МЕТОДОМ КРОСС-ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИОННОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ КОГЕРЕНТНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ (СЛЕПОЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ)

Whether cross-polarization (CP) optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be used to detect early bladder cancer was ascertained; it was compared with traditional OCT within the framework of blind (closed) clinical statistical studies. One hundred and sixteen patients with local nonexophytic (flat) pathological processes of the bladder were examined; 360 CP OCT images were obtained and analyzed. The study used an OCT 1300-U CP optical coherence tomographer. CP OCT showed a high (94%) sensitivity and a high (84%) specificity in the identification of suspected nonexophytic areas in the urinary bladder.Оценена возможность кросс-поляризационной (КП) оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) в выявлении раннего рака мочевого пузыря (РМП), выполнено сравнение ее с традиционной ОКТ в рамках клинических слепых (закрытых) статистических исследований. Исследованы данные 116 пациентов с локальными неэкзофитными («плоскими») патологическими процессами мочевого пузыря, получено и проанализировано 360 КП ОКТ-изображений. В работе использован КП оптический когерентный томограф «ОКТ 1300-У». КП ОКТ показала высокую чувствительность (94 %) и специфичность (84 %) в идентификации неэкзофитных подозрительных зон в мочевом пузыре

Modulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Hormonal Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Background: Prostate epithelial cells depend on androgens for survival and function. In (early) prostate cancer (PCa) androgens also regulate tumor growth, which is exploited by hormonal therapies in metastatic disease. The aim of the present study was to characterize the androgen receptor (AR) response in hormonal therapy-resistant PC346 cells and identify potential disease markers. Methodology/Principal Findings: Human 19K oligoarrays were used to establish the androgen-regulated expression profile of androgen-responsive PC346C cells and its derivative therapy-resistant sublines: PC346DCC (vestigial AR levels), PC346Flu1 (AR overexpression) and PC346Flu2 (T877A AR mutation). In total, 107 transcripts were differentially-expressed in PC346C and derivatives after R1881 or hydroxyflutamide stimulations. The AR-regulated expression profiles reflected the AR modifications of respective therapy-resistant sublines: AR overexpression resulted in stronger and broader transcriptional response to R1881 stimulation, AR down-regulation correlated with deficient response of AR-target genes and the T877A mutation resulted in transcriptional response to both R1881 and hydroxyflutamide. This AR-target signature was linked to multiple publicly available cell line and tumor derived PCa databases, revealing that distinct functional clusters were differentially modulated during PCa progression. Differentiation and secretory functions were up-regulated in primary PCa but repressed i

Bypass Mechanisms of the Androgen Receptor Pathway in Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Models

Background: Prostate cancer is initially dependent on androgens for survival and growth, making hormonal therapy the cornerstone treatment for late-stage tumors. However, despite initial remission, the cancer will inevitably recur. The present study was designed to investigate how androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells eventually survive and resume growth under androgen-deprived and antiandrogen supplemented conditions. As model system, we used the androgen-responsive PC346C cell line and its therapy-resistant sublines: PC346DCC, PC346Flu1 and PC346Flu2. Methodology/Principal Findings: Microarray technology was used to analyze differences in gene expression between the androgen-responsive and therapy-resistant PC346 cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed 487 transcripts differentiallyexpressed between the androgen-responsive and the therapy-resistant cell lines. Most of these genes were common to all three therapy-resistant sublines and only a minority (,5%) was androgen-regulated. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in functions involving cellular movement, cell growth and cell death, as well as association with cancer and reproductive system disease. PC346DCC expressed residual levels of androgen receptor (AR) and showed significant down-regulation of androgen-regulated genes (p-value = 10 27). Up-regulation of VAV3 and TWIST1 oncogenes and repression of the DKK3 tumor-suppressor was observed in PC346DCC, suggesting a potential AR bypass mechanism. Subsequent validation of these three genes in patient samples confirmed that expression was deregulated during prostate cancer progression

Эффективность и безопасность комбинации ленватиниба и эверолимуса у больных диссеминированным раком почки, прогрессирующим на фоне антиангиогенной таргетной терапии: второй анализ данных российского многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования

Objective. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival; secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response rate and duration, tumor control rate and duration, as well as safety profile of lenvatinib with everolimus in consecutive patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who had disease progression after targeted antiangiogenic therapy.Materials and methods. This observational study included 129 consecutive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma resistant to targeted antiangiogenic therapy. The median age was 60 years; a male to female ratio was 3.1:1. Twenty-seven patients (20.9 %) had ECOG performance status of 2—4. The majority of study participants (n = 127; 98.4 %) had multiple metastases. Tumor lesions were located in >1 organ in 104 cases (80.6 %). The primary tumor was removed in 110 (85.3 %), including 39 (30.2 %) patients undergone cytoreductive surgery. Seventy patients (54.2 %) had earlier received more than one line of therapy. Upon enrollment, there were 13 IMDC favourable-risk patients (10.1 %), 86 IMDC intermediate-risk patients (66.6 %), and 29 IMDC poor-risk patients (22.5 %). In one patient (0.8 %), the IMDC risk was not estimated. All patients received lenvatinib at a dose of 18 mg/day and everolimus at a dose of 5 mg/day. The median follow-up was 10.5 (1—30) months.Results. Median progression-free survival was 14.9 (11.9—17.9) months; overall survival was 19.9 (15.2—24.6) months. The objective response rate was 17.0 % (median duration 9.7 (2.8—16.5) months); tumor control rate was 72.9 % (median duration 10.0 (2.5—17.5) months). Adverse events were observed in 112patients (86.8 %) with grade III—IVadverse events registered in 27participants (20.9 %). Five participants (3.9 %) needed inpatient treatment of adverse events; one patient (0.8 %) died due to adverse events. Adverse events required treatment discontinuation in 4 patients (3.1 %), treatment interruption in 35 patients (27.1 %), and dose reduction in 33 patients (25.6 %).Conclusion. The results of the secondary analysis in the ROSLERCM observational study confirmed the results obtained earlier on the efficacy and safety of the lenvatinib plus everolimus combination in the second- and subsequent-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma resistant to targeted antiangiogenic therapy in consecutive Russian patients.Цель. Первичной конечной точкой являлась беспрогрессивная выживаемость, вторичными — общая выживаемость, частота и длительность ответа на лечение и контроля над опухолью, а также профиль безопасности комбинации ленватиниба и эверолимуса у неотобранных пациентов с распространенным почечно-клеточным раком, прогрессирующим после антиангиогенной таргетной терапии.Материалы и методы. В наблюдательное исследование последовательно включены 129 больных диссеминированным почечноклеточным раком, резистентным к антиангиогенной таргетной терапии. Медиана возраста — 60 лет, соотношение мужчин и женщин — 3,1:1. Соматический статус расценен как ECOG 2—4у 27 (20,9 %) больных. У127 (98,4 %) пациентов имелись множественные метастазы. Опухолевые очаги локализовались в >1 органе в 104 (80,6 %) случаях. Первичная опухоль удалена у 110 (85,3 %) больных, в 39 (30,2%) наблюдениях — с циторедуктивной целью. Ранее >1 линии предшествующей терапии получали 70 (54,2 %) больных. На момент включения в исследование к группе благоприятного прогноза по шкале IMDC относились 13 (10,1 %), промежуточного — 86 (66,6 %), неблагоприятного — 29 (22,5 %) больных; группа прогноза не определена у 1 (0,8 %) пациента. Всем больным назначали ленватиниб 18мг/сут с эверолимусом 5мг/сут. Медиана наблюдения за всеми пациентами составила 10,5 (1—30) мес. Результаты. Медиана беспрогрессивной выживаемости достигла 14,9(11,9—17,9) мес, общей выживаемости — 19,9(15,2—24,6) мес. Частота объективного ответа составила 17,0 % (медиана длительности — 9,7(2,8—16,5) мес), частота контроля над опухолью — 72,9 % (медиана длительности — 10,0 (2,5—17,5) мес). Нежелательные явления зарегистрированы у 112 (86,8 %), в том числе, III—IV степеней тяжести — у 27 (20,9 %) больных. Госпитализация для коррекции нежелательных явлений потребовалась в 5 (3,9 %) случаях, 1 (0,8 %) пациент умер из-за нежелательных явлений. Нежелательные явления послужили причиной отмены терапии в 4 (3,1 %), перерыва в лечении — в 35 (27,1 %), редукции дозы — в 33 (25,6 %) случаях.Заключение. Результаты второго анализа наблюдательного исследования ROSLERCM подтвердили ранее полученные результаты применения комбинации ленватиниба с эверолимусом во 2-й и последующих линиях терапии распространенного почечно-клеточного рака, рефрактерного к антиангиогенному лечению, у неотобранных российских больных

“Yo no Hablo Italiano (no)”. Negative Doubling in Chipilo, Mexico

This dissertation explores a phenomenon of negative doubling in Chipilo, Mexico, an area of contact between Spanish and Veneto (an Italo-Romance language). The current project presents a rare window for the study of simultaneous bilingualism and contact-induced language change through the combination of different methods: elicited conversational speech and experimental work. It has been hypothesized that Italo-Mexican bilinguals who speak Veneto (L1) and Spanish (L2) have transferred a second no in final position (no fui no ‘I did not go NEG’) from their L1 into Spanish, a language that does not allow repetition of the same negator in postverbal position. This study analysed the data of 117 participants (Chipileños, participants of mixed descent, and monolingual speakers) classified into two sex, two age and four ethnicity groups. The project investigated whether transfer was present and how social and linguistic factors influenced the phenomenon. Participants performed one semi-spontaneous task and three controlled tasks (Forced Choice Preference Task, Sentence Completion Task, and Sentence Repetition Task). The results reveal transfer from L1 to L2 in the bilinguals’ speech, specifically in the discourse of males and younger speakers across all four tasks, with the higher rate in two controlled tasks. With regard to linguistic factors, second negative mention and specific negators in a preverbal position had a significantly favouring effect on the production of negative doubling (ND), which suggests transfer effects from minority language to the majority language. Overall, this project is pioneering as it provides important insight into studying morphosyntactic variation, specifically negation in a bilingual context, by using a combination of sociolinguistic methodology and experimental work. This project makes crucial contributions to the field of language variation and change, by stressing the importance of studying variation through the interplay of structural and non-structural factors that promote or impede contact-induced changes in a given community.Ph.D

Greenhouse, Atlanta

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/curious_case_2017/1000/thumbnail.jp