Primary malignant melanoma of vagina: a case report

Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is a rare and aggressive disease with worse prognosis as compared with non-genital melanomas or other vaginal malignant neoplasms. Presented here is a case of 42 years female with 3 months history of amenorrhea and vaginal discharge. On vaginal examination, a firm growth of size approximately 7-8 cm was found attached to the left postero-lateral wall of vagina and extending up to the introitus. On biopsy and histopathological examination, it was diagnosed as a case of high-grade malignant melanoma of amelanotic type. Radiotherapy was started as a part of treatment after consultation with an oncologist, considering non-resectable nature of the mass. The patient received first 5 cycles of radiotherapy but succumbed to the disease during treatment

Understanding the Experience of stress on initiation of Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study

Background: Research evidence on stress among chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease patients in India is sparse. Experience of stress is a subjective phenomenon. Hence qualitative research methodology helps to gain real insight about factors that cause stress among haemodialysis patients. The objective of this study was to understand the stressors experienced by patients on initiation of haemodialysis treatment.Methods: A phenomenological approach was used to gain insight into the lived experience of stressors experienced by patients’ on haemodialysis treatment. The study was conducted in outpatient haemodialysis units of two private hospitals in Bangalore, India. Participants of the study consisted of six males and four females who were on haemodialysis for between 2 months to 36 months. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim .Results: Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Three main themes emerged namely ‘Physical stress- ors’, ‘psychological stressors’ and ‘Socioeconomic stressors’. Pain, tiredness and loss of appetite were the predominant physical stressors reported by participants. Shock and depression on diagnosis and initiation of dialysis, difficulty adhering to prescribed therapeutic regimen, feeling of being burden on family, fear of complications and uncertainty about life were the psychological stressors reported by participants. A range of socioeconomic stressors were reported by the participants which included; Loss of employment, financial problems, loss of ability to perform activities of daily living and limited social life.Conclusion: Findings of this study can be utilized to design a pre-haemodialysis preparatory program which can be implemented for stage-4 chronic kidney disease patients to prepare them for haemodialysis.Â

Evaluation of oxidative stress in severe acute malnourished children at malnutrition treatment centre of Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

Background:Malnutrition represents one of the most severe health problems in India. Free radicals play an important role in immunological response, which induces the oxidative surplus in severe acute malnutrition. Severe dietary deficiency of nutrients leads to increased oxidative stress in cellular compartments. The goal of this study was to evaluation of oxidative stress in severe acute malnourished children at malnutrition treatment centre of S. P. Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted after the approval of ethical committee, in the Department of Biochemistry and Paediatrics at Sardar Patel medical College of Bikaner. The present study included 100 children between the age of 6 months to 5 years with the help of Paediatrician. Serum Lipid peroxide was measured by precipitating lipoproteins with trichloroacetic acid and boiled with thiobarbituric acid which reacts with Malondialdehyde to give pink colour as per Kei satoh's method.Results: Significantly increased levels of serum malondialdehyde (p <0.001) were found in the patients as compared to those in controls.Conclusion: Deficiency of various nutrients in severe acute malnutrition leads to generation of heavy oxidative stress

Unusual heavy landing of Blackspotted croaker at Jafrabad, Gujarat

The Blackspotted croaker (Protonibea diacanthus) locally known as Ghol was landed in huge quantity at the Jafrabad Fish Landing Centre on 10th December 2018. The total weight of the catch was 10,700 kg with the croakers in the length range of 679 to 1298 mm (Fig.1). The motorized fishing vessel with an overall length of 14 m and powered by 95 hp engine carried the catch harvested from the bag (dol) net

Review on Coastal and Marine protected areas as ecosystem based management tool: Goodwill for marine life

Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (CMPAs) means ‘any defined area within or adjacent to the marine environment, together with its overlying waters and associated flora, fauna and historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by legislation or other effective means, including custom, with the effect that its marine and/or coastal biodiversity enjoys a higher level of protection than its surroundings’ (CBD, 2004). The CMPAs are entitled to protect marine ecosystems, processes, habitats and species, which can contribute to the restoration and replenishment of resources. CMPAs can improve the health of oceans by protecting and restoring marine habitats, increasing resilience to environmental changes and protecting species and rebuilding fish stocks as Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) tool (Halpern et al., 2010 and Day et al., 2012). The well-designed networks; sustainably financed; enforcement and compliance of laws; local community engagement and integrated management plan are some of the key principles of CMPAs to work (WWF, 2014). The global target of 10% conservation of coastal and marine areas by 2020 has been agreed by CBD and SDG (OECD, 2017)

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among haemodialysis patients: A cross sectional survey

Background: High prevalence of depression has been reported among patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Very few studies have been undertaken in India to assess prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population. The objective of this descriptive cross sectional study was to assess prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients undergoing haemodialysis in tertiary care hospital at Bangalore, Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional survey design was used to assess prevalence of depressive symptoms among 145(104 male and 41 female) patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Beck Depression Inventory –II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms.Results: Depressive symptoms were found among 77.2% (112) subjects. Depressive symptoms were found to be mild in 24% (35), moderate in 27% (39) and severe in 26% (38) subjects. : Statistically significant negative correlation was found between depressive symptoms and education (P=0.01), annual income (P=0.05). No significant associations were found between depressive symptoms and gender, marital status, religion employment, presence of other disease, and availability of medical insurance.Conclusion:  There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in ESRD patients receiving haemodialysis, particularly among those with low socioeconomic status and lower educatio

Innovative Steel Pennon Plate-Headed Stud of Shear Connectors for Composite Structures

This study proposes an innovative pennon plate-headed stud of shear connectors. The proposed stud consists of two triangular-shaped steel plates on both sides of the headed stud; it is expected to increase the shear capacity of a steel-concrete composite connection. Nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out using ABAQUS to analyze the response of 54 models of PPH studs. A full factorial design and the analysis of variance are employed in the design of experiments (DOE). The impacts of factors and their interactions, such as the thickness and height of the pennon plates, concrete grades, and stud diameters, are captured by using 33 × 21 DOE with a 5% significance level. The results show that the ultimate shear resistance is increased apparently. Additionally, the concrete grade and stud diameter significantly influence the capacity of the connection. Moreover, connection slip is greatly affected by concrete grade, the height of the plate, and the interaction between plate thickness and height

Cost Effective Treatment Of Waste Water By Using Root Zone Treatment Theory

More and more people throughout the world are living in urban centers the trend of urbanization represents important challenges in terms of water supply and wastewater management in developed as well as developing countries. So to fulfill the need of water in urban areas, it is necessary to make the reuse of the wastewater, But in case of reuse of the wastewater it is also keep in mind that treatment process should be of cost effective and should have less maintenance cost. Now a day?s root zone treatment system is effective method of treatment of the wastewater, which has the great control on the BOD, COD, TDS, TSS and DO. The water treated by this system is used for gardening purpose mostly. So the wastewater treatment by the root zone treatment system is effective method for small villages? towns and cities to overcome the excess pressure on the local authorities due to the urbanization, many modern techniques in the development of infrastructure projects. The present paper describes the theoretical basis of wastewater treatment in the root zone of the wetland plants, the so called ?root- zone metho