1,136 research outputs found
Dietary Fiber from Crude to Refined: Unraveling Its Value on Animal Performance
Fiber, although a simple five letter word, is like an onion. It is only once you begin to peel back the layers that you discover the complexity within. As nutritionists we are used to thinking in terms of âcrude fiberâ, but as we move into a world without antibiotics and the need to sometimes select alternative ingredients, we are now beginning to separate fiber into its chemical components and functional properties. To understand the functional properties, such as solubility and fermentability, we first need to ensure we can accurately measure the chemical composition of fiber for a wide variety of ingredients. This paper will review the methods used to analyze the different components of fiber, introduce a new database developed to measure Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) and discuss profiles of ingredients, so that we can gain a better understanding of fiber moving forward
Trends and uptake of new formulations of controlled-release oxycodone in Canada
Purpose: This study investigated the impact of changing availability of tamperâdeterrent and nonâtamperâdeterrent oxycodone on prescribing patterns of controlledârelease oxycodone across Canada. Methods: We conducted a populationâbased, serial crossâsectional study of controlledârelease oxycodone dispensing from community pharmacies across Canada between October 2007 and April 2016. We calculated rates of dispensing (tablets per 100 population) and reported the relative market share of generic nonâtamperâdeterrent controlledârelease oxycodone. All analyses were reported nationally and stratified by province. Results: After the introduction of a tamperâdeterrent formulation, the national rate of controlledârelease oxycodone dispensing fell by 44.6% (from 26.4 to 14.6 tablets per 100 population from February 2012 to April 2016). Between December 2012 and July 2013, there was moderate uptake of generic nonâtamperâdeterrent controlledârelease oxycodone (968 452 tablets; 16.0% in July 2013), which appeared to have little impact on the overall rate of controlledârelease oxycodone dispensing in Canada. However, the uptake of generic nonâtamperâdeterrent oxycodone varied considerably by province. By April 2016, 55.0% of all controlledârelease oxycodone tablets dispensed in Quebec were for the generic formulation. [âŠ
An assessment of the key construct of the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory: psychometric qualities of the antisocial attitudes scale among a sample of Portuguese adolescents
Antisocial Potential is the key construct of the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory, and it has been measured by the antisocial attitude (AA) scale. The ICAP theory is one of the main theoretical frameworks in developmental and life-course criminology. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the AA scale in the Portuguese adolescent population. Our sample was comprised of 485 participants. The Portuguese version of the AA scale was demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure of antisocial potential. This is the first study exploring the AA scale outside of the scope of the CSDD and it reveals antisocial potential as a strong predictor of criminal behavior that should be considered in future research.- (undefined
Numerical semigroups, polyhedra, and posets III: minimal presentations and face dimension
This paper is the third in a series of manuscripts that examines the
combinatorics of the Kunz polyhedron , whose positive integer points are
in bijection with numerical semigroups (cofinite subsemigroups of whose smallest positive element is . The faces of are
indexed by a family of finite posets (called Kunz posets) obtained from the
divisibility posets of the numerical semigroups lying on a given face. In this
paper, we characterize to what extent the minimal presentation of a numerical
semigroup can be recovered from its Kunz poset. In doing so, we prove that all
numerical semigroups lying on the interior of a given face of have
identical minimal presentation cardinality, and provide a combinatorial method
of obtaining the dimension of a face from its corresponding Kunz poset
Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study
Objective To compare the risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
On faces of the Kunz cone and the numerical semigroups within them
A numerical semigroup is a cofinite subset of the non-negative integers that
is closed under addition and contains 0. Each numerical semigroup with
fixed smallest positive element corresponds to an integer point in a
rational polyhedral cone , called the Kunz cone. Moreover,
numerical semigroups corresponding to points in the same face are known to share many properties, such as the number of minimal
generators. In this work, we classify which faces of contain
points corresponding to numerical semigroups. Additionally, we obtain sharp
bounds on the number of minimal generators of in terms of the dimension of
the face of containing the point corresponding to
3D bioprinting of miniaturized tissues embedded in self-assembled nanoparticle-based fibrillar platforms
The creation of microphysiological systems like tissue and organ-on-chip for in vitro modeling of human physiology and diseases is gathering increasing interest. However, the platforms used to build these systems have limitations concerning implementation, automation, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, their typical plastic-based housing materials are poor recreations of native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) and barriers. Here, the controlled self-assembly of plant-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is combined with the concept of 3D bioprinting in suspension baths for the direct biofabrication of microphysiological systems embedded within an ECM mimetic fibrillar support material. The developed support CNC fluid gel allows exceptionally high-resolution bioprinting of 3D constructs with arbitrary geometries and low restrictions of bioink choice. The further induction of CNC self-assembly with biocompatible calcium ions results in a transparent biomimetic nanoscaled fibrillar matrix that allows hosting different compartmentalized cell types and perfusable channels, has tailored permeability for biomacromolecules diffusion and cellular crosstalk, and holds structural stability to support long-term in vitro cell maturation. In summary, this xeno-free nanoscale CNC fibrillar matrix allows the biofabrication of hierarchical living constructs, opening new opportunities not only for developing physiologically relevant 3D in vitro models but also for a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine.The authors thank Hospital da Prelada (Porto, Portugal) for providing adipose tissue samples and Hospital Sao Joao (Porto, Portugal) for providing platelet concentrates. The authors acknowledge the financial support from project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000021 supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); the European Union Framework Program for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020, under the Twinning grant agreement no. 810850-Achilles, European Research Council grant agreement no. 772817, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia for the PhD grant for S.M.B PD/BD/129403/2017 financed through doctoral program in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells (TERM&SC), and project PTDC/NAN-MAT/30595/2017. Schematics in Figures 1, 2, and 6 were created with BioRender.com. The authors thank Milan Sixt and Barbara B. Mendes for preliminary tests with CNC fluid gel. The authors thank David Caballero, Catarina Abreu, and Mandana Mombeinipour for providing endothelial cells and Virginia Brancato for breast cancer cells
Risk of adverse events among older adults following co-prescription of clarithromycin and statins not metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4
Background: The cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor clarithromycin may also inhibit liverspecific organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3). We studied whether concurrent use of clarithromycin and a statin not metabolized by CYP3A4 was associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse events. Methods: Using large health care databases, we studied a population-based cohort of older adults (mean age 74 years) who were taking a statin not metabolized by CYP3A4 (rosuvastatin [76% of prescriptions], pravastatin [21%] or fluvastatin [3%]) between 2002 and 2013 and were newly prescribed clarithromycin (n = 51 523) or azithromycin (n = 52 518), the latter an antibiotic that inhibits neither CYP3A4 nor OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Outcomes were hospital admission with a diagnostic code for rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia, and allcause mortality. All outcomes were assessed within 30 days after co-prescription. Results: Compared with the control group, patients co-prescribed clarithromycin and a statin not metabolized by CYP3A4 were at increased risk of hospital admission with acute kidney injury (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31 to 2.09), admission with hyperkalemia (adjusted RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.86) and all-cause mortality (adjusted RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.76). The adjusted RR for admission with rhabdomyolysis was 2.27 (95% CI 0.86 to 5.96). The absolute increase in risk for each outcome was small and likely below 1%, even after we considered the insensitivity of some hospital database codes. Interpretation: Among older adults taking a statin not metabolized by CYP3A4, co-prescription of clarithromycin versus azithromycin was associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in the 30-day absolute risk of adverse outcomes
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