Clinical and laboratory evaluation of anti-microbial efficacy of photocatalysts

Amaç Çalışmamız yeni kuşak fotokatalizörlerden olan apatit kaplı demir titanat uygulamasının, olası anti-mikrobiyal etkinliğinin araştırılmasını; in vitro ve hastane içi uygulamalarda test edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler 30 adet standart steril petri kutusu buhar fazında 20 ppm apatit kaplı demir titanat uygulamasına tabi tutulduktan sonra floresan ışık altında 4 gün tutuldu. 10 kutuya 0,5 McFarland (1.5X108 CFU/mL -CFU=koloni oluşturucu birim) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 kutuya 0,5 McFarland Acinetobacter baumannii ekimi yapıldı. 10 kutu ise kontrol olarak saklandı. Örnekler uygulama sonrası bakteriyel sağkalım oranı (CFUX100/CFU) yönünden değerlendirildi. İkinci aşamada hastanede belli mekânlarda yüzeylere özel uygulama kitiyle buhar fazında 0.012 L/m2 uygulama yapıldı. Fotokatalizör uygulamasından hemen önce ve 1 ay sonra havadaki parçacık miktarı lumimetre ile ölçülerek karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular Bakteriyel sağkalım oranları Pseudomonas aeruginosa için fotokatalizör kaplı yüzeylerde kontrol grubuna oranla 2. günden sonra anlamlı olarak azalmış bulundu (p<0.001) (%60±8 / %95±9). Fark 4. güne kadar artarak devam etti (3. gün: %35±5 / %90±9; 4. gün: %22±5 / %85±8). Acinetobacter baumannii uygulanan yüzeylerde de bakteriyel sağkalım 2. günden sonra anlamlı olarak düşük çıktı (%55±7 / %87±8) (p<0.01). Fark 4. güne kadar artarak devam etti (3. gün: %40±5 / %80±8; 4. gün: %15±5 / %78±7). Fotokatalizör kaplı yüzeylerde havadaki parçacık miktarında, ameliyathanede %97.15, yoğun bakımda %95.61, doktor odasında %98.30, serviste %94.13 ve hastane mutfağında %97.04 azalma belirlendi. Sonuç Fotokatalizör kaplamanın öncü değerlendirme çalışmalarından biri olan araştırmamız sonucunda, gerek laboratuar gerekse klinik ortamlarda bakterisit ve bakteriostatik etkinliği ortaya konulmuş ve hastane sterilizasyonunda ucuz ve güvenli bir alternatif olabileceği düşünülmüştür.Aim This study aims at investigating and testing the tentative antimicrobial efficacy; in vitro and in- hospital applications of apatite coated ferrum titanate which is one of the new generation photocatalysts. Material and Methods 30 sterile petri dishes were kept under florescent light for 4 days following the application of 20 ppm apatite coated ferrum titanate aerosol. 0.5 McFarland (1.5X108 CFU/mL -CFU=colony forming unit) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 0.5 McFarland Acinetobacter baumannii were cultured on 10 separate dishes. 10 unprocessed dishes were used as controls. Samples were evaluated for bacterial survival rate (CFUX100/CFU) after application. In the second step, same photocatalyst aerosol was applied as 0.012 L/m2 with the specific kit on the surfaces of different units within the hospital. Particle count was measured and compared before and one-month after the photocatalyst application by lumimeter. Results Bacterial survival rate was significantly lower on photocatalyst applied surfaces versus control for Pseudomonas aeruginosa after second day of application (p&lt;0.001) (60&plusmn;8% / 95&plusmn;9%). This difference continued up to the 4th day gradually (3. day: 35&plusmn;5% / 90&plusmn;9%; 4. day:22&plusmn;5% / 85&plusmn;8%). Bacterial survival rate was significantly lower on photocatalyst applied surfaces versus control for Acinetobacter baumannii after the second day of application (55&plusmn;7% / 87&plusmn;8%) (p&lt;0.01). This difference continued up to the 4th day gradually (3. day:40&plusmn;5% / 80&plusmn;8%; 4. day:15&plusmn;5% / 78&plusmn;7%). Particle count on photocatalyst applied surfaces diminished 97.15% in operating room, 95.61% in ICU, 98.30 in physicians&amp;#8217; room, 94.13% in wards and 97.04% in hospital kitchen. Conclusions As a result of our pioneering study on the evaluation of photocatalyst, we think that it may be one of the economic and safe alternative methods of hospital sterilization based on bactericidal and bacteriostatic efficacy confirmed in both laboratory and clinical applications

Simultaneous Reconstruction of Medial Canthal Area and Both Eyelids With a Single Transverse Split Forehead Island Flap

WOS: 000286195600087PubMed: 21239938In this report, we are presenting a case in which we have split the paramedian forehead flap, thus providing 2 axially perfused skin flaps for simultaneous reconstruction of the upper and lower lid structures after resection of basal cell carcinoma from the left medial canthal area. We found that split forehead flap seems to be a favorable option for simultaneous reconstruction of the upper and lower eyelid defects by enabling nicely vascularized and abundant amount of regional skin

The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hepatocyte Morphology and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Expression in Albino Mice

Bu çalışmada, iyonlaştırıcı radyasyonun albino farelerde hepatosit proliferasyon oranına etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Normal ve iyonlaştırıcı radyasyona maruz kalan albino fare hepatositlerindeki prolifere hücre çekirdek antijeni (PCNA) ekspresyonu immünoperoksidaz boyama tekniğiyle belirlendi. Radyasyon grubundaki fareler, çalışmanın bir ve yedinci günlerinde 30 dakika süre ile Kobalt 60-gama (1,333 MeV) ışını ile 10 Gy dozunda radyasyona maruz bırakıldı ve onbeşinci gün hayvanların nekropsileri yapıldı. Kontrol grubu fare hepatositlerinde PCNA immünopozitifliği sadece hücre çekirdeğinde gözlenirken, radyasyon grubu albino farelerde hem çekirdek hem de sitoplazmada tespit edildi. Kontrol grubunda, PCNA immünopozitif hepatositlerin oranı (%27,76±20,4), radyasyon grubuna oranla (%7,53±5,43) daha yüksekti (p<0,007). Kontrol grubunda çift çekirdekli (dikaryotik) hepatositlerin yüzdesi (%10,22± 3,54) radyasyon grubuna oranla (%16,61±7,01) daha düşüktü (p<0,019). Radyasyona maruz kalan farelerin karaciğerinde iri çekirdekli hepatositlere ve piknotik hepatositlere sıklıkla rastlandı. Çift çekirdekli hepatositlerdeki PCNA immunoreaktivitesi çoğunlukla her iki çekirdekte, daha az sıklıkla da tek çekirdekte görüldü. Sonuç olarak, PCNA ekspresyonu normal albino fare hepatositlerinde çekirdekte eksprese olurken, radyasyona maruz kalmış fare hepatositlerinde genellikle hem çekirdek hem de sitoplazmada gözlendi. Ayrıca,10 Gy iyonlaştırıcı gama radyasyon prolifere olan hepatosit sayısında azalmaya ve çift çekirdekli hepatosit sayısında artışa neden olmaktadırIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on hepatocyte proliferation in albino mice. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was determined in hepatocytes of the normal mice and those exposed to ionizing radiation by means of immunoperoxidase staining technique. Mice in the radiation group were exposed to Cobalt 60-gamma (1.333 MeV) rays for 30 min at a dose of 10 Gy on the first and the seventh day of the study, and were necropsized on day 15. While PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the hepatocyte nuclei of the control mice, the reaction was determined not only in nuclei but also in cytoplasms of hepatocytes of the irradiated mice. The percentage of PCNA immunoreactive hepatocytes was significantly higher in the control mice (%27.76±20.4) than that of the irradiated mice (%7.53±5.43) (p<0.007). The percentage of binucleated cells in the control mice (%10.22± 3.54) was significantly lower than that of the irradiated mice (%16.61±7.01) (p<0.019). In the liver of the irradiated group, hepatocytes with either a larger nucleus or picnotic nucleus were frequently seen. PCNA immunoreactivity in binucleated cells was observed frequently in both nuclei, but rarely in one of the nuclei. As a result, hepatocytes of the normal albino mice displayed nuclear PCNA expression whereas the irradiated mice usually showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions. In addition, 10 Gy ionized gamma radiation reduced the number of the proliferating hepatocytes, but increased the number of the binucleated hepatocytes

Hypoxic Gene Signature of Primary and Metastatic Melanoma Cell Lines: Focusing on HIF-1? and NDRG-1

Background: Hypoxia is an important microenvironmental factor significantly affecting tumor proliferation and progression. The importance of hypoxia is, however, not well known in oncogenesis of malignant melanoma. Aims: To evaluate the difference of hypoxic gene expression signatures in primary melanoma cell lines and metastatic melanoma cell lines and to find the expression changes of hypoxia-related genes in primary melanoma cell lines at experimental hypoxic conditions Study Design: Cell study. Methods: The mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-related genes in primary melanoma cell lines and metastatic melanoma cell lines and at experimental hypoxic conditions in primary melanoma cell lines were evaluated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Depending on the experimental data, we focused on two genes/proteins, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 beta and the N-myc downstream regulated gene-1. The expression levels of the two proteins were investigated by immunohistochemistry methods in 16 primary and metastatic melanomas, 10 intradermal nevi, and a commercial tissue array comprised of 208 cores including 192 primary and metastatic malignant melanomas. Results: The real-time polymerase chain reaction study showed that hypoxic gene expression signature was different between metastatic melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cell lines. Hypoxic experimental conditions significantly affected the hypoxic gene expression signature. In immunohistochemical study, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 expression was found to be lower in primary cutaneous melanoma compared to in intradermal nevi (p=0.001). In contrast, the cytoplasmic expression of hypoxiainducible factor-1 beta was higher in primary cutaneous melanoma than in intradermal nevi (p=0.001). We also detected medium/strong significant correlations between the two proteins studied in the study groups. Conclusion: Hypoxic response consists of closely related proteins in more complex pathways. These findings will shed light on hypoxic processes in melanoma and unlock a Pandora’s box for development of new therapeutic strategies