Proton and Neutron Pairing Properties within a mixed volume-surface pairing force using SKI3-HFB Theory

This work aims at a systematic investigations of the pairing properties and Fermi properties from the proton drip-line to the neutron drip-line. In order to provide more accurate mass formula with skyrme SKI3 force, the global descriptive power of the SKI3-HFB model for pairing properties are made in this study. Systematic Skyrme SKI3-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with a mixed volume-surface pairing force are carried out to study the ground-state neutron and proton pairing gap, neutron and proton pairing energy and neutron and proton Fermi energy for about 2095 even-even nuclei ranging from $2\le{Z}\le110$ to $2\le{N}\le236$. The calculated results of neutron and proton pairing gap are compared with experimental data using the difference-point formulas $\Delta^{(3)}, \Delta^{(4)}$ and $\Delta^{(5)}$, and also compared with the neutron and proton pairing gap of Lipkin-Nogami model. It is shown that the Skyrme-SKI3 functional with the mixed volume-surface pairing force can be successfully used for describing the ground-state pairing and Fermi properties of the investigated nuclei, in particularly the neutron-rich nuclei and the exotic nuclei near the neutron drip-line. On the other hand, the calculated neutron and proton pairing gap are in good agreement with the available experimental values of the neutron and proton pairing gap of the difference-point formulas $\Delta^{(3)}, \Delta^{(4)}$ and $\Delta^{(5)}$ and with the data of Lipkin-Nogami model over the whole nuclear chart.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Particle-Particle Collective Excitations of Sn isotopes

In this paper, energy-level schemes and reduced electric transition strengths of neutron-rich Tin isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn (Z=50) are studied using collective models, that is, particle-particle Tamm-Dancoff Approximation and particle-particle Random Phase Approximation. According to these models, the excited states of closed-core A+2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of particle-particle pairs. In our investigation, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn are described by acting two-particle operators on a correlated core 100Sn, 108Sn, 114Sn, 118Sn, and 120Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron interaction and modified surface delta interaction. The calculated values are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. Our calculated results are compared to the available experimental data, and these comparisons led to reasonable agreements. Effective charges are also used to account for the core polarization effect

Teaching English at Elementary Level: Quality Differences between Theory and Practice

This study examines the perceptions of the Kuwaiti elementary school teacher trainees of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and an attempt to identify areas that need to be improved in the elementary English teachers’ program at the CBE (College of Basic Education). The participants in this paper are one hundred and twenty six Kuwaiti teacher trainees of English who currently teach EFL through a practicum course in elementary public schools located in six school districts in the State of Kuwait. The data was collected through out the school year 2010/2012 by using a questionnaire which was filled out by the main classroom teachers as they were observing the EFL teachers' trainees in their classrooms. Based on the findings, the study has reported that teacher trainees with delight had the opportunity to work alongside a true mentor (classroom teacher), and most teacher trainees were satisfied with their performance. Key Words: Teacher trainee, Elementary stage, Practice, EFL Teachers, Curriculu

Isoscalar Giant Octupole Resonance ISGOR of 116Cd using Self-Consistent Skyrme QRPA

Collective models based on the random phase approximation (RPA) are widely used to accurately depict collective modes of response. They can quickly calculate the strength function for the entire nuclear mass range. The quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA), which considers the pairing effect, is an enhanced RPA model. It is anticipated that this effect will be significant for open-shell nuclei. In this work, the self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock-Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (HF-BCS) and QRPA models have been used to study the isoscalar giant octupole resonance (ISGOR) in the 116Cd isotope. Ten Skyrme-type parameters are utilized in the computations since they may be identified by different values of the incompressibility modulus KMN in nuclear matter. The calculated strength distributions and centroid energy are compared with available experimental data. We saw that the strength distributions varied depending on the type of Skyrme-interaction, and we also observed a definite impact of the KNM values on the centroid energy

Hole-Hole Collective Excitations in 106, 112, 130Sn Isotopes

In this paper, energy-level schemes of neutron rich and reduced electric transition strengths of Tin isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn were studied using collective models, i.e., hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (hh TDA) and hole-hole Random Phase Approximation (hh RPA). According to these models, the excited states of closed core A-2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of hole-hole (hh) pairs. Therefore, in our approach, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn are obtained by acting two-hole operators on a correlated core 108Sn, 114Sn and 132Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron (N-N) interaction and modified surface delta interaction (MSDI). The hh TDA and hh RPA are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. A comparison had been made between our theoretical predictions and the recent available experimental data. Reasonable agreements were obtained from these comparisons

Missed Gastric Injuries in Blunt Abdominal Trauma : Case report with review of literature

Hollow viscus injuries of the digestive tract are an uncommon occurrence in blunt abdominal trauma. We report a 39-year-old male who was hit by a vehicle as a pedestrian and admitted to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy which revealed injuries to the distal stomach, liver and descending colon. Postoperatively, the patient was febrile, tachycardic and hypotensive. Abdominal examination revealed distention and tenderness. The next day, a repeat laparotomy identified a gastric injury which had not been diagnosed during the initial laparotomy. Although the defect was repaired, the patient subsequently died as a result of multiorgan failure. Missed gastric injuries are rare and are associated with a grave prognosis, particularly for trauma patients. Delays in diagnosis, in addition to associated injuries, contribute to a high mortality rate

National assessment of prescribing practice of antibiotic prophylaxis among obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries in Kuwait

Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant global health concern, primarily resulting from excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. A significant portion of antibiotics prescribed within hospitals is for surgical patients as prophylaxis (AP) to prevent surgical site infections. Thus, AP must be used judiciously to reduce antibiotic resistance. Proper infection control and judicious use of antibiotics are crucial. This research aims to explore and assess the appropriateness of AP prescribing practice for all obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries in Kuwait. Methods: A national multicentre point prevalence survey (PPS) based on the Global PPS and WHO PPS methodology. The PPS was conducted in all Kuwait governmental and some private hospitals. The PPS was conducted once in every OBS/GYN ward after the day of the most surgical interventions. All patient files were reviewed for AP usage from the past 24 hours to assess the appropriateness of AP against local and international AP guidelines. Results: preliminary results included 208 patients. Antibiotic usage among them was 98%. Only 53% of the patients received antibiotics before surgery, and only 11% were fully appropriate in terms of timing and selection. 85% of the patient received antibiotics for more than 24 hours. This research is still ongoing and requires further analysis. Conclusion: This study is a benchmark for AP utilisation in Kuwait, which helps in the establishment of antibiotic surveillance for surgical prevention as well as the development of ASP and recommendations for national guidelines tailored for the Kuwaiti healthcare system

Assessment of radiographic morphology of mandibular condyles: a radiographic study

Background: Panoramic radiographs are the most common radiographic tool used by the dental clinicians to evaluate teeth, mandible and other related structures of the jaws. Mandibular condyle is an important anatomical landmark for facial growth, expressed in an upward and backward direction. The presentation of mandibular condyle differs widely among different group of ages and individuals. Materials and methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from Nov 2018 to March 2019 at Dow International Dental College (DIDC) Karachi that includes radiographic evaluation of 500 mandibular condyles. All retrievable OPGs were obtained and data were extracted regarding age, gender and condylar morphology. Results: The morphological appearances of mandibular condyle have great variation among different age groups and subjects. Normally we recognize five basic shapes i.e. Oval, Bird beak, crooked finger, diamond and mixed. Out of 250 pair of condylar heads that were evaluated, 50% were oval, 40% bird beak, 4.8% crooked finger and diamond 4.8%. Conclusions: All four morphological types of mandibular condyles were observed and the oval shape condyles were most prevalent among both genders and all age groups. In future studies, the inclusion of other parameters and large sample size may provide unique information

An Innovative Approach Towards National Peak Load Management

An innovative approach was developed and implemented in eight governmental buildings to reduce their load during the peak demand hours in summer of 2007. The innovative approach implemented in these buildings included pre-closing treatment (PCT) between 13:00 and 14:00 h and time-of-day control (TDC) after 14:00 h for air conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems. PCT realized an overall reduction of 3.43 MW, a saving of 11.7% of the buildings peak power demand; while TDC realized a total savings of 8.67 MW at 15:00 h, a saving of 30.7% of the buildings peak power demand at that hour. The temperature build up inside the buildings due to PCT and TDC was within the acceptable range, which validated the technical viability of these measures. The implementation of the innovative approach in the eight governmental buildings with a total measured peak demand of 29.3 MW achieved a reduction of 8.89 MW. This power is now available to other users leading to financial savings of $13.5 million for the nation towards the cost of constructing new power plants and distribution network equipment. More importantly, this reduction in peak power demand of well over 30$232 million towards the cost of new power generation equipment and distribution network