1068-P: Diabetes and Comorbidities Risk Assessment in Hospitalization and Fatalities from the Mexican COVID-19 Surveillance System

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak poses a challenge to the Mexican health care system due to its high complication and lethality rates in patients with diabetes and comorbidities. Here, we evaluate the association among diabetes and main comorbidities [obesity, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD)] on COVID-19 outcomes (prevalence, hospitalization, lethality and hospital fatality) in Mexican population. We used available public data released by the Mexican COVID-19 surveillance system (MC-19SS) from January 1st to December 31st of 2020. All 3,401,172 records of SARS-CoV-2 suspected population over or equal to 20 years old were included, out of whom 1,384,470 tested positive. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to assess the risk over several outcomes (hospitalization and fatality), with self-reported diabetes and comorbidities in confirmed cases, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status and marginalization of the place of residence. Overall population tested, 399,953 (11.8%) subjects had diabetes. Of them, 47.8% also had hypertension, 9.0% obesity and 7.0% CKD. Patients who tested positive to COVID-19 had a higher proportion of diabetes (14.7%). From the 203,310 COVID-19 positive patients with diabetes, 95,225(46.8%) were hospitalized and of those 45,128(47.4%) died; also 4,701 died without had been hospitalized. People with diabetes had significant (p<.005) higher odds of hospitalization OR:2.2, hospital 1.27 and non-hospital 1.98 fatality. Nevertheless, subjects with diabetes and other chronic disease experience higher rates of several outcomes. Diabetes and CKD had the highest odds of hospitalization 7.3 died in hospital (2.14) or out of hospital (6.5) compared with cases without diabetes. This analysis points out that diabetes contributes to the risk of infection and worse outcomes for those infected by SARS-CoV-2. More must be done to combat and prevent diabetes and comorbidities to reduce the burden of COVID-19. Disclosure H. Gallardo-rincón: None. A. Montoya: None. L. Martinez-juarez: Research Support; Self; Lilly Global Health Partnership. J. Lomelin-gascon: None. E. R. Saucedo-martinez: None. R. Mujica-rosales: None. R. Tapia-conyer: None

Multilevel analysis of hepatitis A infection in children and adolescents: a household survey in the Northeast and Central-west regions of Brazil

Background The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A among children and adolescents from the Northeast and Midwest regions and the Federal District of Brazil and to identify individual-, household- and area-levels factors associated with hepatitis A infection

Does Proximity to Retailers Influence Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Latino Adolescents?

Despite decades of research surrounding determinants of alcohol and tobacco (A&T) use among adolescents, built environment influences have only recently been explored. This study used ordinal regression on 205 Latino adolescents to explore the influence of the built environment (proximity to A&T retailers) on A&T use, while controlling for recognized social predictors. The sample was 45% foreign-born. A&T use was associated with distance from respondents’ home to the nearest A&T retailer (−), acculturation (+), parents’ consistent use of contingency management (−), peer use of A&T (+), skipping school (+), attending school in immediate proximity to the US/Mexico border (+), and the interaction between the distance to the nearest retailer and parents’ consistent use of contingency management (+). The association between decreasing distance to the nearest A&T retailer and increased A&T use in Latino adolescents reveals an additional risk behavior determinant in the US–Mexico border region

Lovastatin delays infection and increases survival rates in AG129 mice infected with dengue virus serotype 2

ABSTARCT: It has been reported that treatment of DENV-infected cultures with Lovastatin (LOV), can affect viral assembly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of LOV on the survival rate and viremia levels of DENV-2-infected AG129 mice. Methodology/Principal Findings: Mice were inoculated with 16106 plaque-forming units (PFU/ml) of DENV-2 and treated with LOV (200 mg/kg/day). Pre-treatment with one or three doses of LOV increased the survival rate compared to untreated mice (7.3 and 7.1 days, respectively, compared to 4.8 days). Viremia levels also decreased by 21.8% compared to untreated mice, but only in the group administered three doses prior to inoculation. When LOV was administered after viral inoculation, the survival rate increased (7.3 days in the group treated at 24 hpi, 6.8 days in the group treated at 48 hpi and 6.5 days in the group treated with two doses) compared to the untreated group (4.8 days). Interestingly, the serum viral titer increased by 24.6% in mice treated at 48 hpi with a single dose of LOV and by 21.7% in mice treated with two doses (at 24 and 48 hpi) of LOV compared to untreated mice. Finally histopathological changes in the liver and spleen in infected and untreated mice included massive extramedullary erythropoiesis foci and inflammatory filtration, and these characteristics were decreased or absent in LOV-treated mice. Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that the effect of LOV on viremia depends on the timing of treatment and on the number of doses administered. We observed a significant increase in the survival rate in both schemes due to a delay in the progression of the disease. However, the results obtained in the post-treatment scheme must be handled carefully because this treatment scheme increases viremia and we do not know how this increase could affect disease progression in humans

Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease.

This is the final version. Available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record. Data availability: The UK Biobank phenotype and WES data described here are publicly available to registered researchers through the UK Biobank data access protocol. Information about registration for access to the data is available at https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research/apply-for-access. Data for this study were obtained under resource applications 26041 and 9905. The MCPS welcomes open-access and collaboration data requests from bona fide researchers. For more details on accessibility, the study’s data and sample sharing policy can be downloaded (in English or Spanish) from https://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/research/mcps. Available study data can be examined in detail through the study’s Data Showcase, available at https://datashare.ndph.ox.ac.uk/mexico/. SCOOP and INTERVAL WES data are accessible from the European Genome-phenome Archive with accession numbers EGAS00001000124 (SCOOP) and EGAS00001000825 (INTERVAL). snRNA-seq data are available from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), under accession number: GSE243112. Source data are provided with this paper.Code availability: The pipeline code for processing, filtering, annotating and burden testing UK Biobank WES data using the UK Biobank RAP is publicly available (https://github.com/mrcepid-rap). No custom code for analyzing the UK Biobank WES data was developed for this study. The analysis code for single-nucleus sequencing is available on GitHub (https://github.com/mariachukanova1/BSN_paper) and has been deposited on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10687754.Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSN and APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSN and APBA1 were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSN protein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSN PTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSN PTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSN deletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilWellcome TrustMedical Research CouncilWellcome TrustWellcome Trust and Royal SocietyChan Zuckerberg InitiativeBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Mexican Health MinistryNational Council of Science and Technology for MexicoCancer Research UKBritish Heart FoundationNational Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research CentreBotnar FoundationBernard Wolfe Health Neuroscience EndowmentResearch Englan

An international review of tobacco smoking in the medical profession: 1974–2004

Background\ud Tobacco smoking by physicians represents a contentious issue in public health, and regardless of what country it originates from, the need for accurate, historical data is paramount. As such, this article provides an international comparison of all modern literature describing the tobacco smoking habits of contemporary physicians.\ud \ud Methods\ud A keyword search of appropriate MeSH terms was initially undertaken to identify relevant material, after which the reference lists of manuscripts were also examined to locate further publications.\ud \ud Results\ud A total of 81 English-language studies published in the past 30 years met the inclusion criteria. Two distinct trends were evident. Firstly, most developed countries have shown a steady decline in physicians' smoking rates during recent years. On the other hand, physicians in some developed countries and newly-developing regions still appear to be smoking at high rates. The lowest smoking prevalence rates were consistently documented in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. Comparison with other health professionals suggests that fewer physicians smoke when compared to nurses, and sometimes less often than dentists.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud Overall, this review suggests that while physicians' smoking habits appear to vary from region to region, they are not uniformly low when viewed from an international perspective. It is important that smoking in the medical profession declines in future years, so that physicians can remain at the forefront of anti-smoking programs and lead the way as public health exemplars in the 21st century