106 research outputs found
Probing signatures of bounce inflation with current observations
The aim of this paper is to probe the features of the bouncing cosmology with
the current observational data. Basing on bounce inflation model, with high
derivative term, we propose a general parametrization of primordial power
spectrum which includes the typical bouncing parameters, such as bouncing
time-scale, and energy scale. By applying Markov Chain Monto Carlo analysis
with current data combination of Planck 2015, BAO and JLA, we report the
posterior probability distributions of the parameters. We find that, bouncing
models can well explain CMB observations, especially the deficit and
oscillation on large scale in TT power spectrum.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
A Detailed Study of Massive Galaxies in a Protocluster at z=3.13
We present a detailed study of Near-IR selected galaxies in a protocluster
field at z = 3.13. Protocluster galaxies are selected using the available
mutliwavelength data with the photometric redshift (photo-z) at 2.9 < z < 3.3,
reaching a mass completeness of ~10^10 M_sun. Diverse types of galaxies have
been found in the field including normal star-forming galaxies, quiescent
galaxies and dusty star-forming galaxies. The photo-z galaxies form two large
overdense structures in the field, largely overlapping with the previously
identified galaxy overdensities traced by Ly{\alpha} emitters (LAEs) and Lyman
break galaxies (LBGs) respectively. The northern overdensity consists of a
large fraction of old and/or dusty galaxy populations, while the southern one
is mainly composed of normal star-forming galaxies which are spatially
correlated with the LAEs. This agrees with our previous study arguing the
spatial offset of different galaxy overdensities may be due to halo assembly
bias. Given the large end-to-end sizes of the two overdensities, one
possibility is that they will form into a supercluster by the present day. We
also find strong evidence that the star-formation activities of the galaxies in
the overdense protocluster regions are enhanced in comparison to their field
counterparts, which suggests an accelerated mass assembly in this protocluster.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Accelerated galaxy growth and environmental quenching in a protocluster at z=3.24
We present a multiwavelength study of galaxies around D4UD01, a
spectroscopically confirmed protocluster at z = 3.24 to investigate
environmental trends. 450 galaxies are selected based on Ks band detection with
photometric redshifts (photo-z) at 3.0 < z < 3.4, among which ~ 12% are
classified as quiescent galaxies. The quiescent galaxies are among the most
massive and reddest ones in the entire sample. We identify a large photo-z
galaxy overdensity in the field, which lies close to the previously
spectroscopically confirmed sources of the protocluster. We find that the
quiescent galaxies are largely concentrated in the overdense protocluster
region with a higher quiescent fraction, showing a sign of environmental
quenching. Galaxies in the protocluster are forming faster than the field
counterparts as seen in the stellar mass function, suggesting early and
accelerated mass assembly in the overdense regions. Although weak evidence of
suppressed star-formation is found in the protocluster, the statistics are not
significant enough to draw a definite conclusion. Our work shed light on how
the formation of massive galaxies is affected in the dense region of a
protocluster when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted to Ap
Periodic Solutions of Multispecies Mutualism System with Infinite Delays
We studied the delayed periodic mutualism system with Gilpin-Ayala effect. Some new and interesting sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the existence of periodic solution for the multispecies mutualism system with infinite delays. Our method is based on Mawhin's coincidence degree. To the best knowledge of the authors, there is no paper considering the existence of periodic solutions for n-species mutualism system with infinite delays
Comparison of different predictive biomarker testing assays for PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors response: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
BackgroundAccurate prediction of efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors is of critical importance. To address this issue, a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing existing common measurements for curative effect of PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy was conducted.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library database, and relevant clinical trials to find out studies published before Feb 22, 2023 that use PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumor mutational burden (TMB), gene expression profiling (GEP), microsatellite instability (MSI), multiplex IHC/immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF), other immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining (other IHC&HE) and combined assays to determine objective response rates to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Study-level data were extracted from the published studies. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the predictive efficacy and rank these assays mainly by NMA, and the second objective was to compare them in subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity, quality assessment, and result validation were also conducted by meta-analysis.Findings144 diagnostic index tests in 49 studies covering 5322 patients were eligible for inclusion. mIHC/IF exhibited highest sensitivity (0.76, 95% CI: 0.57-0.89), the second diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (5.09, 95% CI: 1.35-13.90), and the second superiority index (2.86). MSI had highest specificity (0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94), and DOR (6.79, 95% CI: 3.48-11.91), especially in gastrointestinal tumors. Subgroup analyses by tumor types found that mIHC/IF, and other IHC&HE demonstrated high predictive efficacy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while PD-L1 IHC and MSI were highly efficacious in predicting the effectiveness in gastrointestinal tumors. When PD-L1 IHC was combined with TMB, the sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) was noticeably improved revealed by meta-analysis in all studies.InterpretationConsidering statistical results of NMA and clinical applicability, mIHC/IF appeared to have superior performance in predicting response to anti PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Combined assays could further improve the predictive efficacy. Prospective clinical trials involving a wider range of tumor types are needed to establish a definitive gold standard in future
BlockEmulator: An Emulator Enabling to Test Blockchain Sharding Protocols
Numerous blockchain simulators have been proposed to allow researchers to
simulate mainstream blockchains. However, we have not yet found a testbed that
enables researchers to develop and evaluate their new consensus algorithms or
new protocols for blockchain sharding systems. To fill this gap, we develop
BlockEmulator, which is designed as an experimental platform, particularly for
emulating blockchain sharding mechanisms. BlockEmulator adopts a lightweight
blockchain architecture such that developers can only focus on implementing
their new protocols or mechanisms. Using layered modules and useful programming
interfaces offered by BlockEmulator, researchers can implement a new protocol
with minimum effort. Through experiments, we test various functionalities of
BlockEmulator in two steps. Firstly, we prove the correctness of the emulation
results yielded by BlockEmulator by comparing the theoretical analysis with the
observed experiment results. Secondly, other experimental results demonstrate
that BlockEmulator can facilitate the measurement of a series of metrics,
including throughput, transaction confirmation latency, cross-shard transaction
ratio, the queuing size of transaction pools, workload distribution across
blockchain shards, etc. We have made BlockEmulator open-source in Github
Energy exchange dependent transient ferromagnetic like state of ultrafast magnetization dynamics
Abstract: The study of laser-induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics is crucial for the development of information recording technology. Due to the complex mechanism, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding for ultrafast magnetization dynamics. As an essential stage of laser-induced ultrafast magnetization switching process, the transient ferromagnetic like state (TFLS), has attracted much attention. Different from other studies on TFLS through the difference of magnetization dynamics between rare-earth and transition-metal, our study mainly focuses on the influence of energy injection and relaxation on TFLS in the process of ultrafast magnetization dynamics. The influence of various parameters on the formation of energy exchange dependent TFLS is studied. The results of simulation well support our view. Understanding the mechanism behind the TFLS is of great significance to promote the application of laser-induced ultrafast magnetization switching
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