MOESM1 of Fingerprint analysis of Resina Draconis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Additional file 1: Table S1. The source of the tested samples

A Highly Sensitive Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Hydrogen Peroxide

As a marker for oxidative stress and a second messenger in signal transduction, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) plays an important role in living systems. It is thus critical to monitor the changes in H₂O₂ in cells and tissues. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and versatile ratiometric H₂O₂ fluorescent probe (<b>NP1</b>) based on 1,8-naphthalimide and boric acid ester. In response to H₂O₂, the ratio of its fluorescent intensities at 555 and 403 nm changed 1020-fold within 200 min. The detecting limit of <b>NP1</b> toward H₂O₂ is estimated as 0.17 μM. It was capable of imaging endogenous H₂O₂ generated in live RAW 264.7 macrophages as a cellular inflammation response, and especially, it was able to detect H₂O₂ produced as a signaling molecule in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells through stimulation by epidermal growth factor. This probe contains an azide group and thus has the potential to be linked to various molecules via the click reaction. After binding to a Nuclear Localization Signal peptide, the peptide-based combination probe (<b>pep-NP1</b>) was successfully targeted to nuclei and was capable of ratiometrically detecting nuclear H₂O₂ in living cells. These results indicated that <b>NP1</b> was a highly sensitive ratiometric H₂O₂ dye with promising biological applications

Cu_2–<i>x</i>S Nanocrystals Cross-Linked with Chlorin e6-Functionalized Polyethylenimine for Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer

Achieving an integrated system for combinational therapy of cancer with enhanced efficacy is always a challenge. A multifunctional system (CCeT nanoparticles (NPs)) for a synergistic photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapy was successfully developed. This system is composed of Cu_2–<i>x</i>S nanoclusters functionalized with chlorin e6 (Ce6)-conjugated branched polyethylenimine (PEI-Ce6) and mitochondria-targeting 3-(carboxypropyl)­triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP-COOH). The colocalization of the resulted CCeT NPs inside the mitochondria of cancer cells was proven. The CCeT NPs exhibited significant photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy due to efficient singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation triggered by a 630 nm laser. This system also showed excellent photothermal conversion capability upon the irradiation of 808 nm laser for photothermal therapy (PTT). In particular, the platform achieved nearly 100% inhibitory rate of the tumor growth in vivo through combinational PDT and PTT. Thus, the CCeT NPs could efficiently inhibit the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by combinational PDT and PTT, offering synergistic therapeutic efficiency as compared to PTT or PDT alone

Expression of PTEN, MDR1 mRNA and protein in the transfected cells.

<p>(A1,A2): PTEN and MDR1 mRNA in A2780 cells after transfection. The MDR1 mRNA level was upregulated by the miR-130a mimics and downregulated by the miR-130a inhibitor(P<0.01). (B1,B2): P-gp and PTEN protein in A2780 cells after transfection. The expression of PTEN protein was significantly elevated When cells were treated with miR-130a-I, the expression of P-gp were upregulated by miR-130-M and downregulated by miR-130a-I. (C1,C2): PTEN and MDR1 mRNA in A2780/DDP cells after transfection. The regulatory effect of miR-130a on A2780/DDP cells was similar to that of A2780 cells. (D1,D2): P-gp and PTEN protein in A2780/DDP cells after transfection. The effect of miR-130a was similar to that of A2780s cells. (1,2,3:miR-130a-M, miR-130a-I and miR-NC; *p<0.05,**p<0.01)</p

Mitochondria-Directed Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide near Mitochondrial DNA

It is important to detect hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) near mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) because mtDNA is more prone to oxidative attack than nuclear DNA (nDNA). In this study, a mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe, <b>pep3-NP1</b>, has been designed and synthesized. The probe contains a DNA-binding peptide, a H₂O₂ fluorescence reporter, and a positively charged red emissive styryl dye to facilitate accumulation in mitochondria. Due to groove binding of the peptide with DNA, the styryl dye of <b>pep3-NP1</b> intercalated into the bases of DNA, leading to an increase in red fluorescence intensity (centered at 646 nm) and quantum yield. In this case, <b>pep3-NP1</b> was a turn-on probe for labeling DNA. Subcellular locations of <b>pep3-NP1</b> and MitoTracker suggested that <b>pep3-NP1</b> mostly accumulated in the mitochondria of live cells. Namely, as an intracellular DNA marker, <b>pep3-NP1</b> bound to mtDNA. In the presence of H₂O₂, <b>pep3-NP1</b> emitted green fluorescence (centered at 555 nm). Thus, the ratio of green with red fluorescence of <b>pep3-NP1</b> was suitable to reflect the change of the H₂O₂ level near mtDNA in living cells. The detecting limit for H₂O₂ was estimated at 2.9 and 5.0 μM in vitro and in cultured cells, respectively. The development of <b>pep3-NP1</b> could help in studies to protect mtDNA from oxidative stress

Intrinsically Coupled 3D nGs@CNTs Frameworks as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Acquiring high-quality integrated nanographene sheets (nGs) and mitigating their self-aggregation are highly essential to achieving their full potential in energy related applications. The insertion of enthetic spacers into nGs layers can relieve the stacking problems but always results in a change in the intrinsic properties of the nGs and/or the introduction of complexity at the interfaces. In this work, a facile and scalable strategy is used to construct highly integrated, intrinsically coupled, N, S-doped 3D nanographene sheets trapped within carbon nanotubes (nGs@CNTs) through a modified counterion intercalation. The as-obtained nGs@CNTs are composed of two building blocks, in which large amounts of integrated unzipped nanoscale graphene sheets are tightly attached to the intact inner walls of the CNTs. The remaining CNTs serve as inherent spacers to prevent the self-stacking of nGs. Benefiting from the permanent and robust column bracing frameworks, the resultant 3D aerogels are expected to act as effective electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with superior cyclic performance, delivering a reversible capacity as high as 1089 mAh g^–1 at a current density of 2 A g^–1 even after 300 cycles. The good lithium-ion storage performance is attributed to the hierarchical porous feature, the intrinsically unstacked bridged structure, and the synergistic effects between the N and S. This promising strategy represents a new concept for mitigating the self-aggregation of nGs by using autologous spacers

The plasma concentration-time curves of scutellarin.

<p>Scutellarin powder (black), SPC (blue), conventional SEDDS (green) and Super-SEDDS (red) were administrated to each group of SD rats (n = 5) respectively, with the dose of 40 mg/kg calculated in scutellarin. Blood samples were collected prior to the dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h after the dose.</p

The <i>in vitro</i> lipolysis profiles.

<p>Lipolysis release properties of scutellarin from scutellarin powder (black), SPC (blue), conventional SEDDS (green) and Super-SEDDS (red), evaluated as cumulative dissolution percentages, were investigated in lipolysis medium (pH 6.5, with 2000 TBU/mL pancreatic lipase) at 37°C (n = 3).</p

Response surface plots.

<p>The significant (<i>p</i><0.05) interaction effects for combination percentage, as a function of X1/X2 and X1/X3, are presented as 3D surfaces (A, C) and contours (B, D) respectively. X1: the ratio of scutellarin to phospholipid; X2: the temperature of the water bath; X3: the drug concentration in solvent.</p

The structure of scutellarin.

<p>The structure of scutellarin.</p