Non-Abelian Parton Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Multilayer Graphene

The current proposals for producing non-Abelian anyons and Majorana particles, which are neither fermions nor bosons, are primarily based on the realization of topological superconductivity in two dimensions. We show theoretically that the unique Landau level structure of bilayer graphene provides a new possible avenue for achieving such exotic particles. Specifically, we demonstrate the feasibility of a “parton” fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state, which supports non-Abelian particles without the usual topological superconductivity. Furthermore, we advance this state as the fundamental explanation of the puzzling 1/2 FQH effect observed in bilayer graphene [Kim et al. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 7445] and predict that it will also occur in trilayer graphene. We indicate experimental signatures that differentiate the parton state from other candidate non-Abelian FQH states and predict that a transverse electric field can induce a topological quantum phase transition between two distinct non-Abelian FQH states

Mn^II Complexes with a Novel Triacid as Ligand: Synthesis and Characterization

<div><p>A novel aromatic tricarboxylic acid of 4,4′-(2-carboxypropane-1,3-diyl)dibenzoic acid (H₃L) was used to prepare two Mn^II complexes of [Mn₃(L)₂(bpy)₂]_n (<b>1</b>) and [Mn₃(L)₂(phen)₂]_n (<b>2</b>), where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. The single crystal structures, thermal stability, and the magnetism of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were measured and discussed in this article. According to the magnetism measurements, the Curie constants and the Weiss constants should be 12.29 K·cm³·mol⁻¹ (g = 1.94, S = 5/2) and −9.80 K for <b>1</b> and 11.11 K·cm³·mol⁻¹ (g = 1.83, S = 5/2) and −9.26 K for <b>2</b>, respectively.</p></div

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Additional file 3: of Transcriptomic analysis identifies the key genes involved in stamen petaloid in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

Hormone related genes. (XLSX 65 kb

Data_Sheet_2_Genome-wide association study of traits in sacred lotus uncovers MITE-associated variants underlying stamen petaloid and petal number variations.xlsx

Understanding the genetic variants responsible for floral trait diversity is important for the molecular breeding of ornamental flowers. Widely used in water gardening for thousands of years, the sacred lotus exhibits a wide range of diversity in floral organs. Nevertheless, the genetic variations underlying various morphological characteristics in lotus remain largely unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of sacred lotus for 12 well-recorded ornamental traits. Given a moderate linkage disequilibrium level of 32.9 kb, we successfully identified 149 candidate genes responsible for seven flower traits and plant size variations, including many pleiotropic genes affecting multiple floral-organ-related traits, such as NnKUP2. Notably, we found a 2.75-kb presence-and-absence genomic fragment significantly associated with stamen petaloid and petal number variations, which was further confirmed by re-examining another independent population dataset with petal number records. Intriguingly, this fragment carries MITE transposons bound by siRNAs and is related to the expression differentiation of a nearby candidate gene between few-petalled and double-petalled lotuses. Overall, these genetic variations and candidate genes responsible for diverse lotus traits revealed by our GWAS highlight the role of transposon variations, particularly MITEs, in shaping floral trait diversity.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Genome-wide association study of traits in sacred lotus uncovers MITE-associated variants underlying stamen petaloid and petal number variations.PDF

Understanding the genetic variants responsible for floral trait diversity is important for the molecular breeding of ornamental flowers. Widely used in water gardening for thousands of years, the sacred lotus exhibits a wide range of diversity in floral organs. Nevertheless, the genetic variations underlying various morphological characteristics in lotus remain largely unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of sacred lotus for 12 well-recorded ornamental traits. Given a moderate linkage disequilibrium level of 32.9 kb, we successfully identified 149 candidate genes responsible for seven flower traits and plant size variations, including many pleiotropic genes affecting multiple floral-organ-related traits, such as NnKUP2. Notably, we found a 2.75-kb presence-and-absence genomic fragment significantly associated with stamen petaloid and petal number variations, which was further confirmed by re-examining another independent population dataset with petal number records. Intriguingly, this fragment carries MITE transposons bound by siRNAs and is related to the expression differentiation of a nearby candidate gene between few-petalled and double-petalled lotuses. Overall, these genetic variations and candidate genes responsible for diverse lotus traits revealed by our GWAS highlight the role of transposon variations, particularly MITEs, in shaping floral trait diversity.</p

Table_1_Combined network analysis and interpretable machine learning reveals the environmental adaptations of more than 10,000 ruminant microbial genomes.xlsx

BackgroundThe ruminant gastrointestinal contains numerous microbiomes that serve a crucial role in sustaining the host’s productivity and health. In recent times, numerous studies have revealed that variations in influencing factors, including the environment, diet, and host, contribute to the shaping of gastrointestinal microbial adaptation to specific states. Therefore, understanding how host and environmental factors affect gastrointestinal microbes will help to improve the sustainability of ruminant production systems.ResultsBased on a graphical analysis perspective, this study elucidates the microbial topology and robustness of the gastrointestinal of different ruminant species, showing that the microbial network is more resistant to random attacks. The risk of transmission of high-risk metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) was also demonstrated based on a large-scale survey of the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the microbiota of most types of ecosystems. In addition, an interpretable machine learning framework was developed to study the complex, high-dimensional data of the gastrointestinal microbial genome. The evolution of gastrointestinal microbial adaptations to the environment in ruminants were analyzed and the adaptability changes of microorganisms to different altitudes were identified, including microbial transcriptional repair.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the environment has an impact on the functional features of microbiomes in ruminant. The findings provide a new insight for the future development of microbial resources for the sustainable development in agriculture.</p

Image_1_Combined network analysis and interpretable machine learning reveals the environmental adaptations of more than 10,000 ruminant microbial genomes.pdf

BackgroundThe ruminant gastrointestinal contains numerous microbiomes that serve a crucial role in sustaining the host’s productivity and health. In recent times, numerous studies have revealed that variations in influencing factors, including the environment, diet, and host, contribute to the shaping of gastrointestinal microbial adaptation to specific states. Therefore, understanding how host and environmental factors affect gastrointestinal microbes will help to improve the sustainability of ruminant production systems.ResultsBased on a graphical analysis perspective, this study elucidates the microbial topology and robustness of the gastrointestinal of different ruminant species, showing that the microbial network is more resistant to random attacks. The risk of transmission of high-risk metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) was also demonstrated based on a large-scale survey of the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the microbiota of most types of ecosystems. In addition, an interpretable machine learning framework was developed to study the complex, high-dimensional data of the gastrointestinal microbial genome. The evolution of gastrointestinal microbial adaptations to the environment in ruminants were analyzed and the adaptability changes of microorganisms to different altitudes were identified, including microbial transcriptional repair.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the environment has an impact on the functional features of microbiomes in ruminant. The findings provide a new insight for the future development of microbial resources for the sustainable development in agriculture.</p

Whole-genome sequencing reveals mutational landscape underlying phenotypic differences between two widespread Chinese cattle breeds

<div><p>Whole-genome sequencing provides a powerful tool to obtain more genetic variability that could produce a range of benefits for cattle breeding industry. Nanyang (<i>Bos indicus</i>) and Qinchuan (<i>Bos taurus</i>) are two important Chinese indigenous cattle breeds with distinct phenotypes. To identify the genetic characteristics responsible for variation in phenotypes between the two breeds, in the present study, we for the first time sequenced the genomes of four Nanyang and four Qinchuan cattle with 10 to 12 fold on average of 97.86% and 98.98% coverage of genomes, respectively. Comparison with the Bos_taurus_UMD_3.1 reference assembly yielded 9,010,096 SNPs for Nanyang, and 6,965,062 for Qinchuan cattle, 51% and 29% of which were novel SNPs, respectively. A total of 154,934 and 115,032 small indels (1 to 3 bp) were found in the Nanyang and Qinchuan genomes, respectively. The SNP and indel distribution revealed that Nanyang showed a genetically high diversity as compared to Qinchuan cattle. Furthermore, a total of 2,907 putative cases of copy number variation (CNV) were identified by aligning Nanyang to Qinchuan genome, 783 of which (27%) encompassed the coding regions of 495 functional genes. The gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that many CNV genes were enriched in the immune system and environment adaptability. Among several CNV genes related to lipid transport and fat metabolism, Lepin receptor gene (<i>LEPR</i>) overlapping with CNV_1815 showed remarkably higher copy number in Qinchuan than Nanyang (log₂ (ratio) = -2.34988; <i>P</i> value = 1.53E-102). Further qPCR and association analysis investigated that the copy number of the <i>LEPR</i> gene presented positive correlations with transcriptional expression and phenotypic traits, suggesting the <i>LEPR</i> CNV may contribute to the higher fat deposition in muscles of Qinchuan cattle. Our findings provide evidence that the distinct phenotypes of Nanyang and Qinchuan breeds may be due to the different genetic variations including SNPs, indels and CNV.</p></div

The detailed information of CNVs in our study.

<p>The detailed information of CNVs in our study.</p