The Relationship Among Potential of Natural Resources, Social, Economic and Culture of Communities Inbufferzone of Mount Halimun National Park

This study was conducted to know of potential of natural resources of Mt.Halimun used by surrounding communities and the development of bufferzone.The potential of natural resources are composed of wildlife, plant biodiversity,land and hydrology.Then, The utilization of natural resources will be correlated with the condition of socio economic and culture of communities.According to the study, it is known that the major occupation of the village communities are as farmers, who have private land or as laborers (>50%). As laborers, they worked for landlord with salary Rp. 5,000 to Rp 10,000 per day for six days per week. This condition made village communities to depend their livelihood to potential of natural resources of Mt. Halimun NP. Based on dynamic hypothesis,the bufferzone could be developed through data and information of the natural resources that utilized or disturbed by communities. The plant biodiversity are used as energy, traditional medicines, food, handicrafts and forages.Illegal hunting done by surrounding communities was hunting wild pigs, birds and monkeys.To limit the exploitation, illegal cutting, illegal hunting and deforestation The Mt Halimun NP have program social forestry and agroforestry to decrease dependency of communities to the forest. For example the sheep breeding with forage plants in bufferzone.Other programs such as goats breeding and fish or plants development could be done in border land of national park or private land of communities

Annual air temperature maps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2020

This gridded dataset of air temperature product perform high accuracy with a resolution of 500 meters from 1990 to 2020 covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP).</p

Testing symmetry based on empirical likelihood

<p>In this paper, we propose a general <i>k</i>th correlation coefficient between the density function and distribution function of a continuous variable as a measure of symmetry and asymmetry. We first propose a root-<i>n</i> moment-based estimator of the <i>k</i>th correlation coefficient and present its asymptotic results. Next, we consider statistical inference of the <i>k</i>th correlation coefficient by using the empirical likelihood (EL) method. The EL statistic is shown to be asymptotically a standard chi-squared distribution. Last, we propose a residual-based estimator of the <i>k</i>th correlation coefficient for a parametric regression model to test whether the density function of the true model error is symmetric or not. We present the asymptotic results of the residual-based <i>k</i>th correlation coefficient estimator and also construct its EL-based confidence intervals. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed estimators, and we also use our proposed estimators to analyze the air quality dataset.</p

Mapping grazing intensity code

We propose a framework based on machine learning algorithms for livestock spatialization at a fine scale, which in turn generates an annual gridded dataset of grazing intensity (GDGI)</p

Table_1_Expression and prognosis analysis of PAQR5 in kidney cancer.docx

Progestin and adipoQ receptor 5 (PAQR5) affects the development of various malignancies and is specifically expressed in kidney. However, the role of PAQR5 in renal carcinoma remains unclear. We assessed the state of PAQR5 expression in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) by The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of PAQR5 protein in tumor tissues. The relationships between PAQR5 expression and clinical characteristics were investigated by UALCAN. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier plotter were used to analyze the effect of PAQR5 expression levels on overall survival and relapse-free survival (RFS). The re lationships between clinical characteristics and survival were also evaluated by univariate and multifactorial Cox regression. Gene Ontology term analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed on PAQR5 to explain the enrichment pathways and functions. Protein and protein interactions were explained by GeneMANIA and STRING. We also explored the relevance of PAQR5 to tumor immune cell infiltration and immunomodulatory molecules by TIMER and GEPIA. Finally, we explored the correlation of PAQR5 with the pathway proteins STATs, HIF-1α, and mTOR using the GSE40435 dataset. PAQR5 expression was low in KIRC and correlated significantly with clinical characteristics including cancer stage, tumor grade, and nodal metastasis status. Low PAQR5 expression was significantly associated with poorer survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that upregulation of PAQR5 was an independent factor for a good prognosis of KIRC. PAQR5 downregulation was associated mainly with STAT3 target upregulation, tumorigenesis, and poor differentiation. PAQR5 expression also correlated positively with B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells and negatively with the infiltration of FOXP3+ Treg cells and the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, CTLA4, and LAG3. Moreover, PAQR5 expression in KIRC was negatively correlated with the pathway proteins STAT1/2/3/4/5A, HIF-1α, and mTOR. PAQR5 is an excellent predictor of KIRC prognosis and may be a potential molecular therapeutic target.</p

Intermolecular Sulfur···Oxygen Interactions: Theoretical and Statistical Investigations

Intermolecular S···O interactions are very common and are important in biological systems, but until recently, the presence of these contacts in protein–ligand systems largely depended on serendipitous discovery instead of rational design. Here we provide insight into the phenomenon of intermolecular S···O contacts by focusing on three sulfur-containing aromatic rings. Quantum mechanics is employed to characterize the strength and directionality of the S···O interactions and to determine their energy dependence on their geometric parameters. Protein Data Bank mining is performed to systematically determine the occurrence and geometry of intermolecular S···O interactions, and several representative examples are discussed. Three typical cases are investigated using a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach to demonstrate the potential of these interactions in improving binding affinities and physiochemical properties. Overall, our work elucidates the structures and energy features of intermolecular S···O interactions and addresses their use in molecular design

Effects of Imatinib on human islet IκB-α and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation/methylation.

<p>Human islets in groups of 50 were cultured in the presence of vehicle (DMSO) or 10 µM of Imatinib at the times given in the Figure. Islets were washed and harvested for SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with anti-IκB-α and p65 antibodies. Phospho- and methylation-bands were quantified and normalized to total IκB-α and p65 bands. The lower panel shows immunoreactivity from one representative experiment. Results are means ± SEM for 4 independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05 using paired Student's t-test when comparing vs. control.</p

Effects of Imatinib on κB-binding activity in INS-1 nuclear extract.

<p>INS-1 832/13 cells were left untreated (control), treated with cytokines (50 U/ml IL-1β+1000 U/ml IFN-γ for 30 min or treated with 10 µM Imatinib for 1 or 24 hours. Nuclear extracts were prepared and NF-κB activity was determined by EMSA. The upper panel shows densitometric scanning results ± SEM for 3 separate experiments. * denotes p<0.05 versus control using Student's t-test.</p

Effects of cytokines and Imatinib on human islet chemokine release and on IL-8 mRNA levels.

<p><b>A.</b> Human islets in groups of 50 were pre-cultured for 6 hours with our without 10 µM of Imatinib and then cultured for another 24 hours with 50 U/ml IL-1β+1000 U/ml IFN-γ (cytokines). Islet culture medium was then recovered and analyzed for the chemokines IP10 and MCP-1, MIG, RANTES and IL-8 contents using a flow cytometry cytometric bead assay. Results are expressed in arbitrary units and are means ± SEM for 3 independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05 using paired Student's t-test when comparing vs. control. <b>B.</b> Human islets in groups of 30 were left untreated or treated with Imatinib (10 µM, 30 hours) or cytokines (50 U/ml IL-1β+1000 U/ml IFN-γ, 24 hours). In the Imatinib+cytokines group, islets were pretreated with Imatinib for 6 hours followed by a 24 hours exposure to cytokines. Following treatments, RNA was isolated and cDNA synthesized and IL-8 levels analyzed using real time PCR. Figure shows fold induction when normalized to GAPDH. Results are means ± SEM for 4 independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05 using paired Student's t-test when comparing vs. control.</p

Effects of hydrogen peroxide, STZ, DETA/NO and Imatinib on human islet IL-8 (A), IP10 (B) and MCP-1 (C) release.

<p>Human islets in groups of 50 were pre-cultured for 6 hours with our without 10 µM of Imatinib and then cultured for another 24 hours with either 100 µM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 10 mM streptozotocin (STZ) or 1 mM DETA/NO. Islet culture medium was then recovered and analyzed for IL-8 (A), IP10 (B) and MCP-1 (C) contents using a flow cytometry cytometric bead assay. Results are expressed in arbitrary units and are means ± SEM for 3 independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05 using paired Student's t-test when comparing vs. control.</p