Promoting Public Private Partnership for Development of Tourism Sector of Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study

Tourism has become a very important and dynamic sector both in the world economy and particular in the developing country like Bangladesh. Its growth affects not only the activities directly linked to tourism but also other sectors. This article is devised to find out the prospects of tourism with the help of public private partnership (PPP) projects in Bangladesh.The key findings of the study is that proper implementation of public private partnership in tourism can enhance economic growth of Bangladesh through developing tourism sector. Key Words: Tourism, public private partnership, tourism development, GD

Consumer Attitude Towards the Cell Phone: A study on Young Generations of Chittagong Metropolitan City, Bangladesh

Due to increased competition, locally as well as internationally, organizations need a distinguishing element that will keep consumers identifying and buying their product. This study employs to analyze the relationship between demographic variables on the brand preference and is identifying the attributes that affect the choice behavior of mobile hand set as well as why the young consumers give special emphasis to some particular factors in Chittagong metropolitan city. From the study we see that though both male and female respondents now using Nokia (57.92%) hand set but about 50.61% of male & 59.85% of female respondent choices Samsung mobile set as their most favorite brand to next purchase because of android operating system. We also see that both newspaper (39.82%) and television (36.18%) has a great influence over the respondents to choose the above mentioned mobile hand set as their favorite brand. About 67.16 % of respondents are willing to spend money more than Tk. 10,000 to get the test of latest features provided by the various mobile set companies. JEL Classification Code:  E3

Consumer Attitude Towards the Cell Phone: A study on Young Generations of Chittagong Metropolitan City, Bangladesh

Due to increased competition, locally as well as internationally, organizations need a distinguishing element that will keep consumers identifying and buying their product. This study employs to analyze the relationship between demographic variables on the brand preference and is identifying the attributes that affect the choice behavior of mobile hand set as well as why the young consumers give special emphasis to some particular factors in Chittagong metropolitan city. From the study we see that though both male and female respondents now using Nokia (57.92%) hand set but about 50.61% of male & 59.85% of female respondent choices Samsung mobile set as their most favorite brand to next purchase because of android operating system. We also see that both newspaper (39.82%) and television (36.18%) has a great influence over the respondents to choose the above mentioned mobile hand set as their favorite brand. About 67.16 % of respondents are willing to spend money more than Tk. 10,000 to get the test of latest features provided by the various mobile set companies

Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced malignant ocular medulloepithelioma

BACKGROUND: Ocular medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) is a rare and potentially malignant paediatric tumour of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. Adjuvant chemotherapy can be given in advanced cases, but the indications and regimens remain to be defined. The aim was to identify whether adjuvant chemotherapy offers treatment benefit in advanced ocular medulloepithelioma. METHODS: This was a retrospective case series of subjects referred to a single specialist ocular oncology centre for advanced ocular medulloepithelioma subsequently treated with enucleation, including those needing adjuvant systemic vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin. A case-note review was performed for included subjects meeting referral criteria. The outcomes were histopathology characteristics, recurrence, metastases and survival. RESULTS: Between March 2010 and June 2017, four male patients (mean age 31 months) underwent enucleation for ocular medulloepithelioma. Adjuvant chemotherapy was commenced in 3 patients (75%) due to malignant histopathological features. With a mean follow-up time of 81.5 months (median 71 months, range 49-135 months) none of the patients have had recurrence, metastases or death from the tumour. CONCLUSIONS: This series is unique in reporting the management of advanced malignant ocular medulloepithelioma with adjuvant systemic vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin for advanced tumours with malignant features. This regimen appears to be safe and may be effective in preventing metastatic spread

Outcomes of patients with Wilms' tumour stage III due to positive resection margins only: An analysis of patients treated on the SIOP-WT-2001 protocol in the UK-CCLG and GPOH studies.

Stage III Wilms' tumour (WT) represents a heterogeneous group which includes different criteria, but all stage III patients are treated according to the same study regiment. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse outcomes in patients with stage III due to positive resection margins (RM) only, sub-grouped in RM with viable (RM-v) and nonviable (RM-nv) tumour. Patients were treated pre- and postoperatively according to the SIOP-WT-2001 protocol in the UK-CCLG and GPOH WT trials and studies (2001-2020). There were 197 patients, including 134 with localised, abdominal stage III and 63 with overall stage IV, but abdominal stage III. Stage III due to RM-v had 126 patients, and due to RM-nv 71 patients. The overall 5-year local-relapse-free survival (RFS), event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates for all patients with abdominal stage III RM were 95.7% (±SE1.5%), 85.1 (±SE2.6%) and 90.3% (±SE2.2%), respectively. Patients with stage III RM-nv had significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM-v (P = .027 and P = .003, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that RM-v remained a significant factor for EFS when adjusted for age, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, histological risk group and overall stage in Cox regression analysis (P = .006). Patients with stage III due to RM-nv only exhibited no local recurrence and have a significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM-v. The results suggest that exclusion of RM-nv as a stage III criterion in the UMBRELLA staging system and consequent treatment reduction is warranted

Outcomes of patients with Wilms' tumour stage III due to positive resection margins only: An analysis of patients treated on the SIOP-WT-2001 protocol in the UK-CCLG and GPOH studies

Stage III Wilms' tumour (WT) represents a heterogeneous group which includes different criteria, but all stage III patients are treated according to the same study regiment. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse outcomes in patients with stage III due to positive resection margins (RM) only, sub-grouped in RM with viable (RM-v) and nonviable (RM-nv) tumour. Patients were treated pre- and postoperatively according to the SIOP-WT-2001 protocol in the UK-CCLG and GPOH WT trials and studies (2001-2020). There were 197 patients, including 134 with localised, abdominal stage III and 63 with overall stage IV, but abdominal stage III. Stage III due to RM-v had 126 patients, and due to RM-nv 71 patients. The overall 5-year local-relapse-free survival (RFS), event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates for all patients with abdominal stage III RM were 95.7% (±SE1.5%), 85.1 (±SE2.6%) and 90.3% (±SE2.2%), respectively. Patients with stage III RM-nv had significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM-v (P = .027 and P = .003, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that RM-v remained a significant factor for EFS when adjusted for age, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, histological risk group and overall stage in Cox regression analysis (P = .006). Patients with stage III due to RM-nv only exhibited no local recurrence and have a significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM-v. The results suggest that exclusion of RM-nv as a stage III criterion in the UMBRELLA staging system and consequent treatment reduction is warranted

Flow cytometry of bone marrow aspirates from neuroblastoma patients is a highly sensitive technique for quantification of low-level neuroblastoma [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Bone marrow involvement is an important aspect of determining staging of disease and treatment for childhood neuroblastoma. Current standard of care relies on microscopic examination of bone marrow trephine biopsies and aspirates respectively, to define involvement. Flow cytometric analysis of disaggregated tumour cells, when using a panel of neuroblastoma specific markers, allows for potentially less subjective determination of the presence of tumour cells. Methods: A retrospective review of sequential bone marrow trephine biopsies and aspirates, performed at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, between the years 2015 and 2018, was performed to assess whether the addition of flow cytometric analysis to these standard of care methods provided concordant or additional information. Results: There was good concurrence between all three methods for negative results 216/302 (72%). Positive results had a concordance of 52/86 (61%), comparing samples positive by flow cytometry and positive by either or both cytology and histology. Of the remaining samples, 20/86 (23%) were positive by either or both cytology and histology, but negative by flow cytometry. Whereas 14/86 (16%) of samples were positive only by flow cytometry. Conclusions: Our review highlights the ongoing importance of expert cytological and histological assessment of bone marrow results. Flow cytometry is an objective, quantitative method to assess the level of bone marrow disease in aspirates. In this study, flow cytometry identified low-level residual disease that was not detected by cytology or histology. The clinical significance of this low-level disease warrants further investigation

How we approach paediatric renal tumour core needle biopsy in the setting of preoperative chemotherapy: A Review from the SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group

The International Society of Paediatric Oncology Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) advocate treating children with Wilms tumour (WT) with preoperative chemotherapy, whereas the Renal Tumor Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) advocates primary nephrectomy (without biopsy) when feasible. Successive SIOP-RTSG trial protocols recommended pretreatment biopsy of children with unilateral tumours only where there were features to suggest an increased probability of a non-WT requiring a change in management. The UK experience in the SIOP WT 2001 trial showed that an alternate approach of performing biopsies on all children with renal tumour masses to determine histology at diagnosis rarely changes management, and can result in misdiagnosis (particularly patients in the age range typical for WT). Although a more selective approach to biopsy has been routine practice in all other countries participating in SIOP-RTSG trials, there was variation between national groups. To address this variation and provide evidence-based recommendations for the indications and recommended approach to renal tumour biopsy within the SIOP paradigm, an international, multidisciplinary working group of SIOP-RTSG members was convened. We describe the resulting recommendations of this group, which are to be incorporated in the ongoing SIOP-RTSG UMBRELLA study

Targetable NOTCH1 rearrangements in reninoma

Reninomas are exceedingly rare renin-secreting kidney tumours that derive from juxtaglomerular cells, specialised smooth muscle cells that reside at the vascular inlet of glomeruli. They are the central component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus which controls systemic blood pressure through the secretion of renin. We assess somatic changes in reninoma and find structural variants that generate canonical activating rearrangements of, NOTCH1 whilst removing its negative regulator, NRARP. Accordingly, in single reninoma nuclei we observe excessive renin and NOTCH1 signalling mRNAs, with a concomitant non-excess of NRARP expression. Re-analysis of previously published reninoma bulk transcriptomes further corroborates our observation of dysregulated Notch pathway signalling in reninoma. Our findings reveal NOTCH1 rearrangements in reninoma, therapeutically targetable through existing NOTCH1 inhibitors, and indicate that unscheduled Notch signalling may be a disease-defining feature of reninoma