Detection of Pus Sample of Various Pyogenic Infections from Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patient and Compare their Socioeconomic Status in Bangladesh

These studies were conducted for microbiological detection of pus sample from various pyogenic infections of diabetic and non diabetic hospitalized (OPD patients) and compare their socio-economical condition of Bangladesh.  100 samples were collected of which 90% was positive isolates.Among this all isolates Streptococcus sp 35.55% rather than E.coli 28.88%. Diabetic patients (100%) were more vulnerable for pyogenic infection than non-diabetic patients (82.88%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to Cefuroxime, Cefixime, moderate sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Azitromycin where as Cotrimoxazole, Ampicillin, Nalidixic Acid, Chloramphenical highly resistant to Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and E.coli.All ages of patients were admitted in OPD section in the hospital during the year 2014, Upazila Sirajdikhan, Munshigonj.For socio-economical analysis about the patients sign and symptoms of infection, duration of infection, pyogenic pathogen and bacteraemia were considered as key variables for analysis.On admission characteristics of cases and non-Fatal controls were comparable except for age. The study was showed that multi drug resistant is associated with diarrhea in Munshigonj, Bangladesh.

How Economic Policy Uncertainty Drives Long-term Industry Beta: Evidence from North America

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the nature of the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and industry beta and the cross-sectional heterogeneity between them.   Theoretical Framework: Industry Return is derived from the annual market capitalization of each industry by taking a summation of all firms' market capitalization values to find out the industry beta variable. The categorization of 48 industries according to the Fama-French model has been defined as the industry in this study. The main explanatory variable for this research strategy is the Economic Policy Uncertainty or the EPU. Economic policy uncertainty is measured based on the given index by Baker, Bloom, and David index. Baker, Bloom, and Davis, or BBD, perceive that there are different manners by which the economic policy uncertainty can be evolved. For instance, economic policy uncertainty can be influenced by what different types of discussions related to economic policies are going to be undertaken. BBD has tried looking into the landscape regarding the economic policy uncertainty overall through the eyes of newspapers based in the USA. In addition, there has been textual analysis by Baker, Bloom, and Davis or BBD over different types of digital archives for the top 10 U.S. newspapers for obtaining the count of articles on a monthly basis for every newspaper so that they can be able to focus on the specific economic policy uncertainty.   Methodology: Positivist research philosophy has been implicated in conducting this research study. From the research approach perspective, the deductive research approach has been implemented. In addition, a quantitative research strategy has been used for modeling purposes and explanation. Furthermore, an experimental research design has been incorporated into this research strategy. The required data set has been gathered from secondary sources, including the WRDS and BBD databases. Industry return has been calculated based on industry market capitalization. From a modeling perspective, a baseline time series regression model has been incorporated. In this research conduction, there has been an analysis of 10 U.S. industries. The time span is from 2000 to 2020. In addition, there has been an analysis of different policy uncertainties based on the decomposition of EPU.   Results & Conclusion: First, the impact of the economic policy uncertainty in the combined form on the industry-level betas has been analyzed. In this case, the entire time scale of 19 years has been divided into three classes: the financial turmoil period from 2001 to 2006, the financial turmoil period from 2007 to 2010, and finally, the financial turmoil period from 2011 to 2020. It has been pointed out that overall, there has been a statistically significant positive impact of economic policy uncertainty on industry level-betas mostly on all industries. In addition, when there has been a decomposition of the economic policy uncertainty index, a statistically significant positive association has been found regarding monetary policy uncertainty and fiscal policy uncertainty.   Originality: The significance of this research is that there has been a one-to-one relationship finding on the impact of EPU on industry-level beta. Very few literatures have covered this issue broadly. One notable literature on this topic was conducted by Yu et al. in 2017. However, this research study has analyzed another ten industries in North America that have not been previously analyzed. In addition, for deep insight, the research framework has been divided into three parts: overall period analysis, pre-financial crisis turmoil, and post-financial crisis turmoil periods. In addition, there has been an analysis of the impact of component-wise seven policy uncertainty index on industry-level beta.   Contribution: Different factors, including macroeconomic phenomena, can influence industry-level beta or systematic risk. In recent times, economic policy uncertainty analysis has become inevitable for measuring the policy implications and their impacts on industry-level risk to determine their dynamics. The relationship between the economic policy uncertainty index and the industrial structural model of risk dynamics has been established by this research study

Antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern of Metallo-β-Lactamase producing gram-negative Bacilli in ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit of a public medical school hospital in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICU), accounting for 25% of all ICU infections. Antimicrobial resistance is increasing and becoming a significant health problem worldwide, increasing hospital length of stay, mortality and costs. Identifying antibiotic resistance patterns in VAP is important as this can cause outbreaks in ICUs. To date, there have been limited studies assessing this in Bangladesh. Consequently, the primary objective of this research was to study the species of bacterial growth and to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) producing gram-negative bacilli among ICU patients with VAP in a public medical school hospital, Bangladesh. In addition, identify the factors associated with a positive culture to provide future guidance. METHOD: Cross-sectional study performed in the Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Mueller Hinton agar plates were used for antibiotic sensitivity testing by the Kirby-Buer disc diffusion test. RESULTS: Among 105 clinically suspected VAP cases, qualitative cultures were positive in 95 (90%) of them. The most common bacteria identified were Acinetobacter spp. (43.2%), Klebsiella spp. (20%) and Pseudomonas spp. (18.9%). A positive culture was not associated with patients' age or gender. Among 41 isolated Acinetobacter spp., 38 (92.7%) were resistant to gentamicin followed by 36 (87.8%) to ceftriaxone. Among 24 isolated Klebsiella spp., 22 (83.3%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Among 18 isolated Pseudomonas spp., 16 (88.8%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 13 (72.2%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Among nine isolated E.coli, all were resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. All four Proteus spp. (100%) isolated were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Additionally, phenotype MBL producing was 65.22% and genotype was 45.65% among imipenem resistant pathogens. Imipenem resistant pathogens were sensitive to amoxyclav, amikacin¸ azithromycin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, colistin and gentamycin. CONCLUSION: A positive culture was detected in 90% of VAP patients, but it was not associated with the patients' age and gender. The most common bacteria identified were Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp., where the majority of these were resistant to ceftriaxone. The results are being used to provide future guidance on the empiric management of VAP in this hospital

Comparative study of CDST & multiplex PCR to detect MBL producing Gram-negative bacilli among VAP patients admitted in a public medical college hospital of Bangladesh

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICU), which accounts for 25% of all ICU infection. Documenting carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli is very important as these strains may often cause outbreaks in the ICU setting and are responsible for the increased mortality and morbidity or limiting therapeutic options. The classical phenotypic method cannot provide an efficient means of diagnosis of the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) producer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have lessened the importance of the phenotypic approach by detecting metallo-β-lactamase resistance genes such as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), Imipenemase (IMP), Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), Sao Paulo metallo-β-lactamase (SPM), Germany Imipenemase (GIM). Objective: To compare the results of the Combined Disc Synergy Test (CDST) with that of the multiplex PCR to detect MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli. Materials and Method: A total of 105 endotracheal aspirates (ETA) samples were collected from the ICU of a public school in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Chittagong for quantitative culture, CDST test, and multiplex PCR for blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM genes of MBL producers. Results: Among the 105 clinically suspected VAP cases, the quantitative culture was positive in 95 (90%) and among 95 g-negative bacilli isolated from VAP patients, 46 (48.42%) were imipenem resistant, 30 (65.22%) were MBL producers by CDST, 21 (45.65%) were identified as MBL producers by multiplex PCR. Conclusion: PCR was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of MBL producers

Antimicrobial potential, GCMS analysis and molecular docking studies of Coelogyne suaveolens extracts: Identification of bioactive compounds with mechanism of action

Coelogyne suaveolens has been used as a traditional medicine for many years, and its potential as a natural source of antibacterial agents is of great interest. This investigation aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in the plant extract and assess their antibacterial properties. To achieve this, we identified the bioactive compounds using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis on the extract's ethyl acetate fraction and used the disc diffusion method to determine the antibacterial effect. Additionally, molecular docking were performed to predict the binding affinities of selected phytochemicals against specific proteins in order to identify the root cause of bacterial inhibition. Our results revealed that the extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are common and problematic pathogens. Furthermore, molecular docking studies identified eight best-selected compounds, of which {androstan-17-one, oxime, (5.alpha.)-}, diethofencarb, tetraconazole, {3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran}, and geranyl acetate showed a significant binding affinity with best binding interaction with the target enzymes. This suggests that binding to these specific proteins might lead to the mechanism of action of the evaluated antibacterial action. In conclusion, the present study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on natural antimicrobial agents and could have significant implications for the development of new and effective antibacterial agents

Prospects for Protective Potential of Moringa oleifera against Kidney Diseases

Kidney diseases are regarded as one of the major public health issues in the world. The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the causative factors involved in kidney disease and the therapeutic aspects of Moringa oleifera, as well as (ii) the effectiveness of M. oleifera in the anti-inflammation and antioxidant processes of the kidney while minimizing all potential side effects. In addition, we proposed a hypothesis to improve M. oleifera based drug development. This study was updated by searching the key words M. oleifera on kidney diseases and M. oleifera on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in online research databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The following validation checking and scrutiny analysis of the recently published articles were used to explore this study. The recent existing research has found that M. oleifera has a plethora of health benefits. Individual medicinal properties of M. oleifera leaf extract, seed powder, stem extract, and the whole extract (ethanol/methanol) can up-increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while decreasing the activity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2. In our study, we have investigated the properties of this plant against kidney diseases based on existing knowledge with an updated review of literature. Considering the effectiveness of M. oleifera, this study would be useful for further research into the pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights of M. oleifera, as well as prospects of Moringa-based effective medicine development for human benefits

Potentials of curcumin against polycystic ovary syndrome: Pharmacological insights and therapeutic promises

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women (4%–20%) when the ovaries create abnormally high levels of androgens, the male sex hormones that are typically present in women in trace amounts. The primary characteristics of PCOS include oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. Generally, metformin, spironolactone, eflornithine and oral contraceptives are used to treat PCOS, despite their several side effects. Therefore, finding a potential candidate for treating PCOS is necessary. Curcumin is a major active natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa). A substantial number of studies have shown that curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, antibacterial, and anti-apoptotic activities. In addition, curcumin reduces hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance in various conditions, including PCOS. The review highlighted the therapeutic aspects of curcumin against the pathophysiology of PCOS. We also offer a hypothesis to improve the development of medicines based on curcumin against PCOS