ChatGPT-4 with Code Interpreter can be used to solve introductory college-level vector calculus and electromagnetism problems

We evaluated ChatGPT 3.5, 4, and 4 with Code Interpreter on a set of college-level engineering-math and electromagnetism problems, such as those often given to sophomore electrical engineering majors. We selected a set of 13 problems, and had ChatGPT solve them multiple times, using a fresh instance (chat) each time. We found that ChatGPT-4 with Code Interpreter was able to satisfactorily solve most problems we tested most of the time -- a major improvement over the performance of ChatGPT-4 (or 3.5) without Code Interpreter. The performance of ChatGPT was observed to be somewhat stochastic, and we found that solving the same problem N times in new ChatGPT instances and taking the most-common answer was an effective strategy. Based on our findings and observations, we provide some recommendations for instructors and students of classes at this level.Comment: Main text and appendice

Nine Channels Temperature Data Logger Design for Dry Sterilizer Calibration

In the process of sterilizing medical devices, a sterilizer that is able to produce an accurate and even temperature is needed. If the resulting temperature is not in accordance with the regulated temperature and is not evenly distributed, it will be fatal/damage to the material sterilized. Periodic calibration should be applied to the sterilizer to monitor its function. Based on the research that has been done, no one has done research on making a temperature data logger with 9 channels to calibrate the sterilizer. This study aims to design a temperature measuring device with 9 sensors that can measure simultaneously, so that the accuracy and the distribution of the temperature of a sterlisator can be obtained. This tool used a K thermocouple-type temperature sensor which will detect the temperature and further enters the analog signal conditioning circuit. This then enters the ATMegga 2560 which has been programmed and processed in such a way, leading to the display of the temperature on the 4x20 character LCD. Temperature measurement data will be further stored to SD Card every 10 seconds in the form of a txt file. Tests were carried out on sterilizers, continued by comparison with the Madgetech OctTemp2000 data logger. Based on the measurement and comparison data, the average error was obtained at a temperature of 50ºC with the smallest error value of 0.7% and the largest error value of 3.9%. At a temperature of 100ºC, the smallest error value is 1.6% and the largest error value is 10.5%. Furthermore, at a temperature of 120ºC, the smallest error value is 0.0% and the largest error value is 8.5%. The module resulting from this research is stable in response to temperature by looking at the very small uncertainty value. This research can be further used to help analyze the temperature distribution in a sterilizer. With these measurement results, this study is considered having a fairly high error value at several measurement points

Oxidative stability and storage quality analysis of Ocimum sanctum L. extracts incorporated chicken nuggets

The present study was done to explore the antioxidant potential of locally available herb holy basil viz. Ocimum sanctumL.. in enhancing the shelf-life of emulsion based chicken nuggets. Chicken nuggets are widely cherished meat cuisine but it is vulnerable to spoilage due to excessive fats and protein content. Thus, chicken nugget fortified with 1, 2, and 3% of itsethanolic-aqueous extracts of O. sanctum and along with control was studied to explore the potency of holy basil on oxidative stability and storage quality of chicken nuggets on 0,7,14 and 21 daysat refrigeration temperature. 80% ethanolic aqueous extracts of O. sanctum were prepared, standardized, optimized and incorporated in chicken nuggets. Chicken nuggets prepared with fortification of 3% O. sanctum extract were adjudged best among all with overall acceptability of 7.16±0.071 value in sensory analysis. The O. sanctum extract treated chicken nugget’s pH, FFA, TBA, Total plate count, Pychrophilic count, Yeast and Mold count were found to be in acceptable range of 4.49±0.008, 0.320±0.0005, 0.979 ±0.0012,<4,<2,<2 log10cfu/g respectively on 21days of refrigeration storage. Extracts of O. sanctum fortified chicken nuggets were safe for human consumption even 21 days of refrigerated storage (4±1?C) on the basis of pH, FFA, TBA value, microbiological profile and sensory evaluation. The results proved the antioxidant potential of holy basil O. sanctumand chicken nuggets fortified with (3%) Ocimum sanctum extract could be safe for a period of 21 days in refrigerated (4±10C) storage without any marked loss of physico-chemical, microbial and sensory quality

Physico-chemical, proximate, sensory and storage quality attributes analysis of Papaver somniferum (poppy) fortified chevon nuggets

Papaver somniferum(Poppy) seeds contain poly-phenols like tannic acid, ellagitannin that act as antioxidant, fat replacer, sedative, analgesic and anti-tussive properties, disease preventing and health promoting proper-ties. Efficacy of ground P. somniferum poppy seed was used in chevon nuggets was analyzed. The use of ground poppy seed in chevon nuggets formulation had no effect on moisture as well as pH content of poppy seed incorporated chevon nuggets. However, ground poppy seed incorporation in chevon nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) lower fat content, higher protein content, higher emulsion stability and subsequently higher cooking yield. Chevon nuggets having 10% ground poppy seed were having significantly (p<0.05) higher sensory scores. The ground poppy seed treated chevon nuggets were having significantly (p<0.05) lower TBA and FFA value. The microbial load of developed product was significantly (p<0.05) lower during refrigeration storage. The chevon nuggets prepared with fortification of ground poppy seed was found to be suitable for consumption till 21st day during refrigeration storage based on TBA, FFA, microbiological and sensory profile. Thus, chevon nuggets with good to very good acceptability were developed with incorporation of ground poppy (P. somniferum) seed in it. The chevon nuggets developed consisted of higher amount of antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acid with better sensory scores and longer shelf-life

NFDLM: A Lightweight Network Flow based Deep Learning Model for DDoS Attack Detection in IoT Domains

In the recent years, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become one of the prime concerns to Internet users around the world. One of the sources of the attacks on IoT ecosystems are botnets. Intruders force IoT devices to become unavailable for its legitimate users by sending large number of messages within a short interval. This study proposes NFDLM, a lightweight and optimised Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attack detection framework with mutual correlation as feature selection method which produces a superior result when compared with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and simple ANN. Overall, the detection performance achieves approximately 99\% accuracy for the detection of attacks from botnets. In this work, we have designed and compared four different models where two are based on ANN and the other two are based on LSTM to detect the attack types of DDoS.Comment: 7 page

Oxidative stability and storage quality of Menthalongifolia L. extract fortified fish nuggets at refrigeration temperature

The present study was experimented to explore antioxidant potential of herb viz. M. longifolia L. inelongating the shelf life of emulsion based fish product. Since the fish meat product contain excessive amount ofprotein and fat which are vulnerable to spoilage due to proteolysis and lipolysis. Therefore fish nuggets incorporated with 0% (Control), 1%, 2%, and 3% of M. longifolia L. extract along with control was studied to explore the potential of Artemisia nilagiricaL. on oxidative stability and storage of aerobically packaged fish nuggets at refrigeration temp on 0,7,14 and 21st day. Aqueous ethanolic extract of M. longifolia L. was prepared and incorporated in fish nuggets.Fish nuggets prepared with M. longifolia L. (1%) extract were recorded to be the best among all based on varioussensory attributes with overall acceptability of 7.76±0.19. Extract of M. longifolia L. fortified fish nuggets were safefor human consumption till 21st day of refrigeration (4±1)°C storage under aerobically packaging on the basis of TBAvalue, FFA value, microbiological profile and sensory evaluation. The pH, TBA, FFA, total plate count, yeast andmould count were recorded to 6.49±0.008, 0.825±0.0012, 0.320±0.0005, 4.35±0.010, 1.26±0.013 and 2.20±0.008respectively, and were found within acceptable range on 21st day of refrigeration storage. Thus, it can be interpretedthat 1% aqueous ethanolic extracts of M. longifoliacan be utilized in enhancing the shelf-life and improving the sensoryscores of fish nuggets

Accommodation, Pattern Glare, and Coloured Overlays

We manipulated the accommodative response using positive and negative lenses to study any association between symptoms of pattern glare and accommodation. Two groups of eighteen young adults were selected from seventy-eight on the basis (i) that their rate of reading increased by 5% or more with an overlay compared to their rate without it, and (ii) that they reported more than 2 symptoms of pattern glare (group 1) or had no such increment in reading speed and reported fewer than 2 symptoms (group 2). Under double-masked conditions participants observed at 0.4 m a pattern of stripes while measurements of accommodation were made using an open field autorefractor with and without positive and negative trial lenses (0.75 D), and with and without a coloured overlay. Pattern glare was also assessed with and without the trial lenses. Without lenses, the mean accommodative response in group 1 was 1.55 D, a lag of 0.95 D ± 0.24 D relative to the demand. The lag decreased by 0.43 D ( p &lt; 0.0001) when the chosen overlay was used, an effect that was not shown in group 2 even when lag increased with negative trial lenses ( p = 0.13). In both groups, pattern glare scores were reduced by the trial lenses, but were unaffected by the sign of the lenses. This suggests that symptoms of pattern glare are not strongly associated with accommodative response. </jats:p

Anomalous structure and dynamics of the Gaussian-core fluid

It is known that there are thermodynamic states for which the Gaussian-core (GC) fluid displays anomalous properties such as expansion upon isobaric cooling (density anomaly) and increased single-particle mobility upon isothermal compression (self-diffusivity anomaly). We investigate how temperature and density affect its short-range translational structural order, as characterized by the two-body excess entropy. We find that there is a wide range of conditions for which the short-range translational order of the GC fluid decreases upon isothermal compression (structural order anomaly). The origin of the structural anomaly is qualitatively similar to that of other anomalous fluids and is connected to how compression affects static correlations at different length scales. We find that the self-diffusivity of the GC fluid obeys a scaling relationship with the two-body excess entropy that is very similar to the one observed for a variety of simple liquids. One consequence of this relationship is that the state points for which structural, self-diffusivity, and density anomalies of the Gaussian-core fluid occur appear as cascading regions on the temperature-density plane, a phenomenon observed earlier for models of waterlike fluids. There are, however, key differences between the anomalies of GC and waterlike fluids, and we discuss how those can be qualitatively understood by considering the respective interparticle potentials of these models. Finally, we note that the self-diffusivity of the Gaussian-core fluid obeys different scaling laws depending on whether the two-body or total excess entropy is considered. This finding, which deserves more comprehensive future study, appears to underscore the significance of higher-body correlations for the behavior of fluids with bounded interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure